1985 Vol. 4, No. 2
Display Method:
1985, (2): 169-179.
Abstract:
The low-frequency energy spectrum of the coastal water level of the Bohai Sea is analyzed, the main frequencies for the peaks of the energy spectrum density being 1/5 cycle/day and 1/3 cycle/day.Also analyzed are the coherence, the variation of phase angle and the system functions among the stations.Finally, a discussion is made on the relationship between the forcing and the water level change, thus coming to a conclusion that the low-frequency change in the water level is mainly due to the energy supplied by wind stress.
The low-frequency energy spectrum of the coastal water level of the Bohai Sea is analyzed, the main frequencies for the peaks of the energy spectrum density being 1/5 cycle/day and 1/3 cycle/day.Also analyzed are the coherence, the variation of phase angle and the system functions among the stations.Finally, a discussion is made on the relationship between the forcing and the water level change, thus coming to a conclusion that the low-frequency change in the water level is mainly due to the energy supplied by wind stress.
1985, (2): 180-188.
Abstract:
Based on the prediction experiments on the salinity distribution of the southern Huanghai Sea in spring (April-June) from 1978 to 1980, two salinity-prediction methods suitable for the region are obtained.The methods are briefly introduced and the marked factors affecting salinity variation and the prediction error are analysed.Results from the prediction experiments indicat the absolute prediction error of ensemble mean as 0.43‰, the relative error as 25%, the deviation error as -0.16‰, and the stations with prediction error less than 0.5‰ accounting for 72% of the total.There is a little difference between prediction tendency and measured data.
Based on the prediction experiments on the salinity distribution of the southern Huanghai Sea in spring (April-June) from 1978 to 1980, two salinity-prediction methods suitable for the region are obtained.The methods are briefly introduced and the marked factors affecting salinity variation and the prediction error are analysed.Results from the prediction experiments indicat the absolute prediction error of ensemble mean as 0.43‰, the relative error as 25%, the deviation error as -0.16‰, and the stations with prediction error less than 0.5‰ accounting for 72% of the total.There is a little difference between prediction tendency and measured data.
1985, (2): 189-200.
Abstract:
Semidiurnal and diurnal tidal waves in the Taiwan Strait are computed simultaneously by using finite difference method with two-dimensional nonlinear hydrodynamic equations.The agreement between the computed and observed results is considered satisfactory.
Semidiurnal and diurnal tidal waves in the Taiwan Strait are computed simultaneously by using finite difference method with two-dimensional nonlinear hydrodynamic equations.The agreement between the computed and observed results is considered satisfactory.
1985, (2): 201-210.
Abstract:
The heat transferred through sea surface and the 900 hPa, 850 hPa and 700 hPa layers during seven cyclones formed over the Kuroshio area is calculated, and the influence of heat supply of the area on cyclones development is studied.Analyses indicate that the heat so transferred has obvious influence on the cyclones over the Kuroshio in spring and winter, and that the effect of precipitation is secondary to the East China Sea cyclones, although it is generally regarded as an important factor for other ones such as those formed in the drainage areas of the Huanghe-Huaihe Rivers and the Changjiang-Huaihe Rivers.
The heat transferred through sea surface and the 900 hPa, 850 hPa and 700 hPa layers during seven cyclones formed over the Kuroshio area is calculated, and the influence of heat supply of the area on cyclones development is studied.Analyses indicate that the heat so transferred has obvious influence on the cyclones over the Kuroshio in spring and winter, and that the effect of precipitation is secondary to the East China Sea cyclones, although it is generally regarded as an important factor for other ones such as those formed in the drainage areas of the Huanghe-Huaihe Rivers and the Changjiang-Huaihe Rivers.
1985, (2): 211-221.
Abstract:
Research is conducted on the following questions:1) the seasonal and spacial changes of Fe2+ concentration in overlying water and interstitial water; 2) the profiles of Fe3+ and Fe2+ and total Mn in solid phase of sediment; and 3) the estimation and comparison of Fe and Mn diffusion and deposition fluxes.
The complex relation among the early diagenesis of iron, the grain size composition in solid phase of sediment and the factors of pH and Eh as well as dissolved oxygen are reflected by seasonal and space relation of Fe2+ change.
The geochemical activity and role of iron and manganese during diagenetic processes is discussed and estimated by calculating and comparing deposition and diffusion fluxes of both the elements.
Research is conducted on the following questions:1) the seasonal and spacial changes of Fe2+ concentration in overlying water and interstitial water; 2) the profiles of Fe3+ and Fe2+ and total Mn in solid phase of sediment; and 3) the estimation and comparison of Fe and Mn diffusion and deposition fluxes.
The complex relation among the early diagenesis of iron, the grain size composition in solid phase of sediment and the factors of pH and Eh as well as dissolved oxygen are reflected by seasonal and space relation of Fe2+ change.
The geochemical activity and role of iron and manganese during diagenetic processes is discussed and estimated by calculating and comparing deposition and diffusion fluxes of both the elements.
1985, (2): 222-231.
Abstract:
This paper discusses the geochemical characteristics of the interstitial water of the Bohai Gulf, where the main salt contents (K+, Na+, Ca++ Mg++, Cl-, HCO3-, SO4-) in 55 sedimentary layers of 13 cores (3-4 m in length) and those of bottom seawater have been determined and the exchange capacity and exchange cations (K+, Na+, Ca++, Mg++) of the layers analysed (see Fig.1).
This paper discusses the geochemical characteristics of the interstitial water of the Bohai Gulf, where the main salt contents (K+, Na+, Ca++ Mg++, Cl-, HCO3-, SO4-) in 55 sedimentary layers of 13 cores (3-4 m in length) and those of bottom seawater have been determined and the exchange capacity and exchange cations (K+, Na+, Ca++, Mg++) of the layers analysed (see Fig.1).
1985, (2): 232-243.
Abstract:
In this paper, the polarographic catalytic wave of trace chromium in seawater and its mechanism are studied.In supporting electrolyte containing ethylene diamine-NaNO2-EDTA, a clear, sensitive and stable catalytic wave is obtained, and its largest peak potential in differential oscilloscopic pola-rogram is -1.7V (S.C.E).The detection limit for Cr is 1.5×10-9 M.It is unnecessary for natural seawater samples to be separated and preconcentrated, and the samples can be directly detected.Variable coefficient is 5%, and the relative error of recovery efficiency, 10%.The wave is a kind of hydrogen catalytic one with absorbability.
In this paper, the polarographic catalytic wave of trace chromium in seawater and its mechanism are studied.In supporting electrolyte containing ethylene diamine-NaNO2-EDTA, a clear, sensitive and stable catalytic wave is obtained, and its largest peak potential in differential oscilloscopic pola-rogram is -1.7V (S.C.E).The detection limit for Cr is 1.5×10-9 M.It is unnecessary for natural seawater samples to be separated and preconcentrated, and the samples can be directly detected.Variable coefficient is 5%, and the relative error of recovery efficiency, 10%.The wave is a kind of hydrogen catalytic one with absorbability.
1985, (2): 244-253.
Abstract:
Sea ingressions have happened twice in the Bohai Gulf since the Holocene.In the Mid-Holo-cene (about 6000 yrs BP) the sea reached the farthest inland and flooded the area about 4 meters ASL.Later, the seawater retrograded gradually and formed a coastal plain.It was once again submerged about 2000 BP, resulting in the submergence of large-scale cultural remains at about 2.5-3 m ASL from the Warring States to the Western Han Dynasty by marine accumulations, or the overlap of peat and clay layers of continental facies by the coastal dunes about 3000 BP.
Sea ingressions have happened twice in the Bohai Gulf since the Holocene.In the Mid-Holo-cene (about 6000 yrs BP) the sea reached the farthest inland and flooded the area about 4 meters ASL.Later, the seawater retrograded gradually and formed a coastal plain.It was once again submerged about 2000 BP, resulting in the submergence of large-scale cultural remains at about 2.5-3 m ASL from the Warring States to the Western Han Dynasty by marine accumulations, or the overlap of peat and clay layers of continental facies by the coastal dunes about 3000 BP.
1985, (2): 254-265.
Abstract:
In order to show the relationship between the grain size model and sedimentary environment of the East China Sea, typical samples have been selected from analytical data of 1233 surface sediments, and mathematical statistic analyses of these samples have been made.Based on these analyses and combined with the compositions of the sediments and history of its formation, the authors try to divide the genetic types of the sediments of the East China Sea, with focus on the discussion of the characteristics of ancient and present hydrodynamic environments.
In order to show the relationship between the grain size model and sedimentary environment of the East China Sea, typical samples have been selected from analytical data of 1233 surface sediments, and mathematical statistic analyses of these samples have been made.Based on these analyses and combined with the compositions of the sediments and history of its formation, the authors try to divide the genetic types of the sediments of the East China Sea, with focus on the discussion of the characteristics of ancient and present hydrodynamic environments.
1985, (2): 266-275.
Abstract:
Controlled by the NE-and NW-trending faults the Hanjiang Delta formed in the Early Quaternary received deposits in the Middle Quaternary, continued to develop since the Holocene, and subsided at a velocity of 1 mm/yr.About 2000-3000 years BP the Hanjiang Delta began to uplift and became a land.Its formation and development are controlled by faulting.Early and late developments are controlled by the NE-and NW-trending fractures, respectively, indicating the rebirth and Intense activity of the latter.
Controlled by the NE-and NW-trending faults the Hanjiang Delta formed in the Early Quaternary received deposits in the Middle Quaternary, continued to develop since the Holocene, and subsided at a velocity of 1 mm/yr.About 2000-3000 years BP the Hanjiang Delta began to uplift and became a land.Its formation and development are controlled by faulting.Early and late developments are controlled by the NE-and NW-trending fractures, respectively, indicating the rebirth and Intense activity of the latter.
1985, (2): 276-288.
Abstract:
The shelfbreak of the East China Sea lies in an area with a marked change in gradient between the continental shelf and the slope (west wall of Okinawa Trough), depth ranging from 132 to 162 m with an average of about 147 m, and the width ranging from 4 to 18 km.The types of the shelfbreak differ markedly from the north to the south, having an abrupt break in the south and a gradual break in the middle and the north.Without permanent deposition of fine-grained material formed at the shelfbreak zone, it serves only as a temporary resting place for terrigenous sediments moving toward the Okinawa Trough through submarine canyons as important transport conduits.
The shelfbreak of the East China Sea lies in an area with a marked change in gradient between the continental shelf and the slope (west wall of Okinawa Trough), depth ranging from 132 to 162 m with an average of about 147 m, and the width ranging from 4 to 18 km.The types of the shelfbreak differ markedly from the north to the south, having an abrupt break in the south and a gradual break in the middle and the north.Without permanent deposition of fine-grained material formed at the shelfbreak zone, it serves only as a temporary resting place for terrigenous sediments moving toward the Okinawa Trough through submarine canyons as important transport conduits.
1985, (2): 289-296.
Abstract:
The effects of three photoperiods (24 hr illumination, 12 hr illumination +12 hr darkness and 24 hr darkness) and three salinities (20‰, 30‰ and 35‰) on the uptake of 60Co and 137Cs for Chlorella sp.and on the growth of its algae are studied.The uptake of 60Co for the algae is two orders of magnitude higher than that of 137Cs.Of factorial effects, the effect of photoperiod is most significant either on the uptake of the radionuclides or on the growth of the algae; the effect of salinity comes next in order and that of their interaction remains with the last.The uptake of the two radionuclides increases with extended photoperiod while the uptake of 137Cs declines with increasing of salinity.The growth of the algae appears to be the best under the conditions of 24 hr illumination and 30‰ salinity.
The effects of three photoperiods (24 hr illumination, 12 hr illumination +12 hr darkness and 24 hr darkness) and three salinities (20‰, 30‰ and 35‰) on the uptake of 60Co and 137Cs for Chlorella sp.and on the growth of its algae are studied.The uptake of 60Co for the algae is two orders of magnitude higher than that of 137Cs.Of factorial effects, the effect of photoperiod is most significant either on the uptake of the radionuclides or on the growth of the algae; the effect of salinity comes next in order and that of their interaction remains with the last.The uptake of the two radionuclides increases with extended photoperiod while the uptake of 137Cs declines with increasing of salinity.The growth of the algae appears to be the best under the conditions of 24 hr illumination and 30‰ salinity.
1985, (2): 297-303.
Abstract:
The vertical migration of diatoms in mud-flats was studied in littoral of Xibian, Longhai County and Xiao'ao, Lianjiang County, the dominant species being Gyrosigma spencerii and Hantzschia virgata respectively.Both light and tide are important factors affecting the vertical migration of diatoms.With the advent of tide, the diatom community disappears from the surface.It reappears gradually when exposed to light.In the dark, the diatoms never appear in great quantity on the surface in laboratory or in littoral.Whether in the light or in the dark, the diatoms aggregate in maximum numbers in the upper 2 mm of the sediment.But when the tide has covered the sediments for 4 hr, Hantz.virgata penetrates the mud down to a depth of 14 mm, Gy.spencerii, 12 mm.We have found that Gy.spencerii posseses phototaxis, but no tide rhythm and no day-night rhythm in our laboratory.
The vertical migration of diatoms in mud-flats was studied in littoral of Xibian, Longhai County and Xiao'ao, Lianjiang County, the dominant species being Gyrosigma spencerii and Hantzschia virgata respectively.Both light and tide are important factors affecting the vertical migration of diatoms.With the advent of tide, the diatom community disappears from the surface.It reappears gradually when exposed to light.In the dark, the diatoms never appear in great quantity on the surface in laboratory or in littoral.Whether in the light or in the dark, the diatoms aggregate in maximum numbers in the upper 2 mm of the sediment.But when the tide has covered the sediments for 4 hr, Hantz.virgata penetrates the mud down to a depth of 14 mm, Gy.spencerii, 12 mm.We have found that Gy.spencerii posseses phototaxis, but no tide rhythm and no day-night rhythm in our laboratory.
1985, (2): 304-312.
Abstract:
This article describes in detail the procedures in obtaining spermatids from living animals and in isolating sperm nuclei DNA by hydroxyapatite chromatography.The isolated DNA is free of RNAs and proteins after treatment with proteinase K, followed by chromatography on hydroxyapatite column which is eluted with stepwise-increased concentrations of potassium phosphate buffer.More than 89% of the DNA purified is found in the eluates of both 0.2 M and 0.25 M potassium phosphate buffer.The two fractions are identical in ultraviolet absorption spectrum.DNA molecules thus prepared should be useful for studying DNA structure and DNA replication by electron microscopy, since the length of the purified DNA molecules is in the range of the size of a replicating unit.
This article describes in detail the procedures in obtaining spermatids from living animals and in isolating sperm nuclei DNA by hydroxyapatite chromatography.The isolated DNA is free of RNAs and proteins after treatment with proteinase K, followed by chromatography on hydroxyapatite column which is eluted with stepwise-increased concentrations of potassium phosphate buffer.More than 89% of the DNA purified is found in the eluates of both 0.2 M and 0.25 M potassium phosphate buffer.The two fractions are identical in ultraviolet absorption spectrum.DNA molecules thus prepared should be useful for studying DNA structure and DNA replication by electron microscopy, since the length of the purified DNA molecules is in the range of the size of a replicating unit.
1985, (2): 313-319.
Abstract:
Two new species (Nitzschia sinensis Liu, sp.nov.and Podosira granulata Liu, sp.nov.) and one new variety (Xanthiopyxis microspinosa var.ellipticus Liu, var.nov.) collected from the urface sediments off the southern Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea are described and a list of diatoms from the surface sediments in the survey area and some new records in China are attached.
Two new species (Nitzschia sinensis Liu, sp.nov.and Podosira granulata Liu, sp.nov.) and one new variety (Xanthiopyxis microspinosa var.ellipticus Liu, var.nov.) collected from the urface sediments off the southern Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea are described and a list of diatoms from the surface sediments in the survey area and some new records in China are attached.
1985, (2): 320-331.
Abstract:
By combining the singularity distributions method in mathematical-physical equation with the phenomenon of water surface oscillation, two kinds of wave diffraction model of gap breakwater are recommended for preliminary port planning and designing.
By combining the singularity distributions method in mathematical-physical equation with the phenomenon of water surface oscillation, two kinds of wave diffraction model of gap breakwater are recommended for preliminary port planning and designing.
1985, (2): 332-332.
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1985, (2): 332-333.
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1985, (2): 333-333.
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