1997 Vol. 16, No. 1
Display Method:
1997, (1): 1-18.
Abstract:
Basic patterns of the reversal of the Kuroshio water toward the shelf,intrusion of the shelf mixed waterinto the Kuroshio and uplifting of the near-bottom nutrient-rich water into the upper layer by the pumping of the frontal eddy are analyzed on the basis of satellite infrared images and hydrologic,chemical and biological observations.Results show that the Kuroshio frontal eddies play a very important role in the exchange between the shelf water and the Kuroshio water.The estimation of the average volume transports for three frontal eddy events indicates that the shelf mixed water entrained by an eddy into Kuroshio is 0.44×106 m3/s and the reversal Kuroshio water onto the shelf region only 0.04×106 m3/s.Along the whole shelf edge,the volume transport of the shelf mixed water entrained by the eddies into the Kuroshio is 1.8×106 m3/s.The nutrient (NO3-N) flux pumped to the euphotic zone and input to the continental shelf through a column with 1 m wide is 974 μmol/(s·m) when there is frontal eddy and only 79 μmol/(s·m) in the case of no frontal eddy.Yearly nutrient (NO3-N) flux input to the shelf area caused by the frontal eddy is 1.7×106 t/a.
Basic patterns of the reversal of the Kuroshio water toward the shelf,intrusion of the shelf mixed waterinto the Kuroshio and uplifting of the near-bottom nutrient-rich water into the upper layer by the pumping of the frontal eddy are analyzed on the basis of satellite infrared images and hydrologic,chemical and biological observations.Results show that the Kuroshio frontal eddies play a very important role in the exchange between the shelf water and the Kuroshio water.The estimation of the average volume transports for three frontal eddy events indicates that the shelf mixed water entrained by an eddy into Kuroshio is 0.44×106 m3/s and the reversal Kuroshio water onto the shelf region only 0.04×106 m3/s.Along the whole shelf edge,the volume transport of the shelf mixed water entrained by the eddies into the Kuroshio is 1.8×106 m3/s.The nutrient (NO3-N) flux pumped to the euphotic zone and input to the continental shelf through a column with 1 m wide is 974 μmol/(s·m) when there is frontal eddy and only 79 μmol/(s·m) in the case of no frontal eddy.Yearly nutrient (NO3-N) flux input to the shelf area caused by the frontal eddy is 1.7×106 t/a.
1997, (1): 19-28.
Abstract:
An infinity of conservation laws of fKdV equation is derived in terms of the Miura and Gardner's transform.The pseudo-mass and energy theorems are studied by the first two conservation laws.As a typical example,the theoretical mean wave resistance and the regional distribution of energy of the precursor soliton generation are determined by means of the first and the second conservation laws.
An infinity of conservation laws of fKdV equation is derived in terms of the Miura and Gardner's transform.The pseudo-mass and energy theorems are studied by the first two conservation laws.As a typical example,the theoretical mean wave resistance and the regional distribution of energy of the precursor soliton generation are determined by means of the first and the second conservation laws.
1997, (1): 29-43.
Abstract:
A three-dimensional density field associated with mesoscaie unstable waves generated by the 3-D,primitive-equation model (Wang and Ikeda,1996) is provided to the quasi-geostrophic pressure tendency and ω-equations,and to the (ageostrophic) Q-vector equation.Diagnostic analyses,analogous to the approaches in meteorology:ω-equation and Q-vector method,are for the first time developed to examine the mesoscaie dynamical processes and mechanisms of the unstable waves propagating in the mid-latitude ocean.The weaknesses and strengths of these two diagnostic approaches are evaluated and compared to the model results.The Q-vector method is then recommended to diagnose the vertical motion associated with the mesoscaie dynamics from a hydrographic CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) array,while the quasi-geostrophic equations produce some small-scale features (errors) in the diagnosed fields.
A three-dimensional density field associated with mesoscaie unstable waves generated by the 3-D,primitive-equation model (Wang and Ikeda,1996) is provided to the quasi-geostrophic pressure tendency and ω-equations,and to the (ageostrophic) Q-vector equation.Diagnostic analyses,analogous to the approaches in meteorology:ω-equation and Q-vector method,are for the first time developed to examine the mesoscaie dynamical processes and mechanisms of the unstable waves propagating in the mid-latitude ocean.The weaknesses and strengths of these two diagnostic approaches are evaluated and compared to the model results.The Q-vector method is then recommended to diagnose the vertical motion associated with the mesoscaie dynamics from a hydrographic CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) array,while the quasi-geostrophic equations produce some small-scale features (errors) in the diagnosed fields.
1997, (1): 45-56.
Abstract:
In this paper,it is held that the universal relationships of wave growth in fetch-limited conditions,i.e.,fp=Ax-B and m0=CxD should satisfy the Toba 3/2 power law and the wave energy balance equation.In the ideal generation situation,theoretically it can be derived that the ideal fetch-limited wave growth relationship should have D=3B and D+B=1,(i.e.,B=0.25,D=0.75) and A3C=2.1×10-4Cd1/2,where Cd is the drag coefficient.The 3/2 power law,the wave energy balance equation and the decrease of wave steepness with increasing fetch have became three requirements which should be satisfied by fetch-limited wave growth algorithms.A semi-empirical and semi-theoretical model for fetch-limited wave growth is presented.In the application to the slanting wind situation an universal relationship of dimensionless wave energy vs dimensionless peak frequency is presented and the comparisons show that the model is in good agreement with observations.
In this paper,it is held that the universal relationships of wave growth in fetch-limited conditions,i.e.,fp=Ax-B and m0=CxD should satisfy the Toba 3/2 power law and the wave energy balance equation.In the ideal generation situation,theoretically it can be derived that the ideal fetch-limited wave growth relationship should have D=3B and D+B=1,(i.e.,B=0.25,D=0.75) and A3C=2.1×10-4Cd1/2,where Cd is the drag coefficient.The 3/2 power law,the wave energy balance equation and the decrease of wave steepness with increasing fetch have became three requirements which should be satisfied by fetch-limited wave growth algorithms.A semi-empirical and semi-theoretical model for fetch-limited wave growth is presented.In the application to the slanting wind situation an universal relationship of dimensionless wave energy vs dimensionless peak frequency is presented and the comparisons show that the model is in good agreement with observations.
1997, (1): 57-70.
Abstract:
Based on the feature of the growth and the local limitation of the Nansha reef's closed atoll,also the relatedremote sensing information of it,the composite analysis is made.The closed atoll conception remote sensing system is constructed through the formation mechanism,development law and the space-time distribution of the closed atoll.Solution of the equation consisting of information function value and isostatic value of closed atoll and half-closed atoll using this system,and topologic analysis on the two kinds of atoll's morphologic growth are the basic foundation for the research of their evolutionary comparative model.
Based on the feature of the growth and the local limitation of the Nansha reef's closed atoll,also the relatedremote sensing information of it,the composite analysis is made.The closed atoll conception remote sensing system is constructed through the formation mechanism,development law and the space-time distribution of the closed atoll.Solution of the equation consisting of information function value and isostatic value of closed atoll and half-closed atoll using this system,and topologic analysis on the two kinds of atoll's morphologic growth are the basic foundation for the research of their evolutionary comparative model.
1997, (1): 71-83.
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the fossils (mollusks,Radiolaria,planktonic and benthicForaminifera and Ostracoda) found in the four loess profiles located respectively at Heishigou and Beizhuang Villages on Daheishan Island in the Miaodao Islands in the Bohai Straits,and Daweijia and Yujiawaizi Villages in Jinzhou County,Liaodong Peninsula,the distribution and abundance variation of the fossils in vertical profiles are studied,the source of coastal loess is probed and the relationship between loess deposition and paleoclimatic environment as well as sea-level changes is discussed.
Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the fossils (mollusks,Radiolaria,planktonic and benthicForaminifera and Ostracoda) found in the four loess profiles located respectively at Heishigou and Beizhuang Villages on Daheishan Island in the Miaodao Islands in the Bohai Straits,and Daweijia and Yujiawaizi Villages in Jinzhou County,Liaodong Peninsula,the distribution and abundance variation of the fossils in vertical profiles are studied,the source of coastal loess is probed and the relationship between loess deposition and paleoclimatic environment as well as sea-level changes is discussed.
1997, (1): 85-107.
Abstract:
The models about lithospheric thickness and thermal conduction inside the lithosphere and the top layer ofthe asthenosphere have been proposed in this study for four type regions:the midoceanic ridge,the extinct spreading ridge,the lithospheric fault fissure and the mouth of the extinct submarine volcanoes which are in deep sea bottom.The solutions of the models are found to be the same.The formulas of temperature distribution inside the lithosphere and the top layer of the asthenosphere,the lithospheric thicknesses to the heat flow and the crustal ages to the heat flow are obtained.The crustal ages and the lithospheric thicknesses of the central basin are calculated.And they are used to draw the lithospheric thicknesses and crustal ages maps of the central basin (in this paper both the central basin and the basin are the central basin of the South China Sea).According to their characteristics,the central basin is divided into three regions.The lithospheric thicknesses,crustal ages and heat flow distribution characteristics are discussed respectively.The formation and evolution of the South China Sea are analysed and it is thought that the South China Sea has undergone three episode-seafloor spreadings.
The models about lithospheric thickness and thermal conduction inside the lithosphere and the top layer ofthe asthenosphere have been proposed in this study for four type regions:the midoceanic ridge,the extinct spreading ridge,the lithospheric fault fissure and the mouth of the extinct submarine volcanoes which are in deep sea bottom.The solutions of the models are found to be the same.The formulas of temperature distribution inside the lithosphere and the top layer of the asthenosphere,the lithospheric thicknesses to the heat flow and the crustal ages to the heat flow are obtained.The crustal ages and the lithospheric thicknesses of the central basin are calculated.And they are used to draw the lithospheric thicknesses and crustal ages maps of the central basin (in this paper both the central basin and the basin are the central basin of the South China Sea).According to their characteristics,the central basin is divided into three regions.The lithospheric thicknesses,crustal ages and heat flow distribution characteristics are discussed respectively.The formation and evolution of the South China Sea are analysed and it is thought that the South China Sea has undergone three episode-seafloor spreadings.
1997, (1): 109-119.
Abstract:
Ecological research has been made for quite a long period in some marine-derived saline lakes in the Vestfold Hills,Antarctica.The results show distinct succession of zooplankton community in those lakes.The change in community structure of zooplankton is related directly to environmental evolution in nature and the variation of lake conditions,such as physical and chemical factors as well.In the Burton Lake,there is a rather stable annual fluctuation in both temperature and salinity,and the community has probably been in the stage of climax succession.The Fletcher Lake is still undergoing a process by unregular tide flood from nearby bay,so that zooplankton community has been changing due to variance in temperature and salinity.
Ecological research has been made for quite a long period in some marine-derived saline lakes in the Vestfold Hills,Antarctica.The results show distinct succession of zooplankton community in those lakes.The change in community structure of zooplankton is related directly to environmental evolution in nature and the variation of lake conditions,such as physical and chemical factors as well.In the Burton Lake,there is a rather stable annual fluctuation in both temperature and salinity,and the community has probably been in the stage of climax succession.The Fletcher Lake is still undergoing a process by unregular tide flood from nearby bay,so that zooplankton community has been changing due to variance in temperature and salinity.
1997, (1): 121-125.
Abstract:
1997, (1): 127-131.
Abstract:
1997, (1): 133-139.
Abstract:
