1994 Vol. 13, No. 2
Display Method:
1994, (2): 155-172.
Abstract:
The model equations with three-dimensional, time-dependent, nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations are transformed by sigma-transformation.On the basis of the process splitting technique, the fluid flow problems are divided into two parts, the vertically-integrated equations (external mode) and the vertical structure equations (internal mode).The first set of equations being the propagation of the tidal waves and the ADI numerical scheme has been chosen to solve them.Concerning the vertical structure equations, they are solved by means of leapfrog stepping procedure.
The main features of the tide and associated tidal current in the Bohai Sea are examined with this 3-D model.To have a good reproduction of vertical structure, the rnlumn is divided into 10 layers and the M2 tidal current is computed in detail.The simulation reveal the spatial structure and some important characteristics of the tidal current of the Bohai Sea.The application of the 3-D model to forecasting of the tidal current in the Bohai Sea has been performed as an illustranon.
The model equations with three-dimensional, time-dependent, nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations are transformed by sigma-transformation.On the basis of the process splitting technique, the fluid flow problems are divided into two parts, the vertically-integrated equations (external mode) and the vertical structure equations (internal mode).The first set of equations being the propagation of the tidal waves and the ADI numerical scheme has been chosen to solve them.Concerning the vertical structure equations, they are solved by means of leapfrog stepping procedure.
The main features of the tide and associated tidal current in the Bohai Sea are examined with this 3-D model.To have a good reproduction of vertical structure, the rnlumn is divided into 10 layers and the M2 tidal current is computed in detail.The simulation reveal the spatial structure and some important characteristics of the tidal current of the Bohai Sea.The application of the 3-D model to forecasting of the tidal current in the Bohai Sea has been performed as an illustranon.
1994, (2): 173-188.
Abstract:
In this paper, a three-dimensional (3-D) baroclinic diagnostic model for short-range numerical forecast is proposed to calculate the monthly averaged flow field in the Bohai Sea.By using the model and monthly averaged temperature and salinity data, monthly barotropic and baroclinic flow field are calculated, and 2-D and 3-D characteristics of flow are described and demonstrated.On the basis of the analysis of the modelling results and the observed temperature, salinity and wind data, the monthly and seasonal characteristics and generation mechanism of circulation in the Bohai Sea are also discussed.It is pointed out in this paper that in spring and autumn, the monthly averaged flow fields are not representative, for the wind direction varies in a wide range and the averaged wind field is much weaker than the instantaneous one.These results show the reliability of the model for describing the monthly characteristics in numerical forecast of nrran current.
In this paper, a three-dimensional (3-D) baroclinic diagnostic model for short-range numerical forecast is proposed to calculate the monthly averaged flow field in the Bohai Sea.By using the model and monthly averaged temperature and salinity data, monthly barotropic and baroclinic flow field are calculated, and 2-D and 3-D characteristics of flow are described and demonstrated.On the basis of the analysis of the modelling results and the observed temperature, salinity and wind data, the monthly and seasonal characteristics and generation mechanism of circulation in the Bohai Sea are also discussed.It is pointed out in this paper that in spring and autumn, the monthly averaged flow fields are not representative, for the wind direction varies in a wide range and the averaged wind field is much weaker than the instantaneous one.These results show the reliability of the model for describing the monthly characteristics in numerical forecast of nrran current.
1994, (2): 189-201.
Abstract:
On the basis of the hydrographical data obtained from the summer and winter cruises of 1990 investigated by China-Japan joint Research on the Kuroshio, combining with other cruises during the cooperation and partial historical data, the characteristics of the circulation and their variabilities in the study sea area are analysed in this paper.
It is pointed out that, in the Kuroshio eastward turning point, the sea water on its left side flows northward along the continental shelf edge and eastward or northeastward off the continental shelf edge in some degree then turns to northwest.Its bifurcated position is different, generally near the sea area 30°-31°N and 128°-129°E.The circulation between 30° and 31°N is unstable because of this.Since the eastward current appearing in the continental shelf edge between 30° and 31°N is common, the flowing path of the Tsushima Warm Current is usually in the type of "S".
It is also indicated that the Tsushiroa Warm Current mainly originates from the continental shelf water of the East China Sea in summer.and from the Kuroshio water in winter.
On the basis of the hydrographical data obtained from the summer and winter cruises of 1990 investigated by China-Japan joint Research on the Kuroshio, combining with other cruises during the cooperation and partial historical data, the characteristics of the circulation and their variabilities in the study sea area are analysed in this paper.
It is pointed out that, in the Kuroshio eastward turning point, the sea water on its left side flows northward along the continental shelf edge and eastward or northeastward off the continental shelf edge in some degree then turns to northwest.Its bifurcated position is different, generally near the sea area 30°-31°N and 128°-129°E.The circulation between 30° and 31°N is unstable because of this.Since the eastward current appearing in the continental shelf edge between 30° and 31°N is common, the flowing path of the Tsushima Warm Current is usually in the type of "S".
It is also indicated that the Tsushiroa Warm Current mainly originates from the continental shelf water of the East China Sea in summer.and from the Kuroshio water in winter.
1994, (2): 203-212.
Abstract:
Three water masses in winter sad five in eutnmer are identified from three-dimensional interpretation of the hydrographic pera}ters collected from the southeastern Mediterranean off the Egyptian coast.The volume and mean depth in each bivariate class with potential temperature tauge 0.2 of 0.5℃ and salinity range of 0.1 have been estimated during winter and summer, The resulting statistics are presented on a pair of characteristic diagrams, each having potential temperature es ordinate and salinity es abscissa.In winter and summer seasons s primary and big mode appears at a potential temperature 13.4℃ and salinity 38.75.It occupies the deeper classes below 1 000 m deep and is called the deep water mass of the East Mediterranean.It is found that the mean potential temperatures and salinities are 14.14℃ and 38.818 in winter and 14.14℃ and 38.807 in summer.
Three water masses in winter sad five in eutnmer are identified from three-dimensional interpretation of the hydrographic pera}ters collected from the southeastern Mediterranean off the Egyptian coast.The volume and mean depth in each bivariate class with potential temperature tauge 0.2 of 0.5℃ and salinity range of 0.1 have been estimated during winter and summer, The resulting statistics are presented on a pair of characteristic diagrams, each having potential temperature es ordinate and salinity es abscissa.In winter and summer seasons s primary and big mode appears at a potential temperature 13.4℃ and salinity 38.75.It occupies the deeper classes below 1 000 m deep and is called the deep water mass of the East Mediterranean.It is found that the mean potential temperatures and salinities are 14.14℃ and 38.818 in winter and 14.14℃ and 38.807 in summer.
1994, (2): 213-224.
Abstract:
In this paper, the tree cluster analysis and ISODATA of fuzzy cluster are made on the basis of the results (Chen et al,1993) obtained by using the principal component analysis based on the hydroclimatic values over the years of the China seas,where the climatic field may be divided into three climatic zones, 9 hydroclimatic regions and 1 climatic subregion. Comparison of the distribution characteristics of hydrologic seasons with those of marine fauna and flora indicafes that each climatic region possesses its inherent seasonal characteristics and biota distribution, and corresponds with each other. This fact proves that the division of the above-mentioned 10 climatic regions is reliable.
In this paper, the tree cluster analysis and ISODATA of fuzzy cluster are made on the basis of the results (Chen et al,1993) obtained by using the principal component analysis based on the hydroclimatic values over the years of the China seas,where the climatic field may be divided into three climatic zones, 9 hydroclimatic regions and 1 climatic subregion. Comparison of the distribution characteristics of hydrologic seasons with those of marine fauna and flora indicafes that each climatic region possesses its inherent seasonal characteristics and biota distribution, and corresponds with each other. This fact proves that the division of the above-mentioned 10 climatic regions is reliable.
1994, (2): 225-236.
Abstract:
In this paper the variations of the wind, temperature, humidity and turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer over the tropical ocean are analysed by use of observational data with tethersonde over the Equatorial Pacific of 165°E from November 19,1989 to June 29,1990.According to the analyses, it is pointed out that generally the thereto-dynamic structure of the Marine boundary layer in the tropical ocean area remains in a state of connective boundary layer owing to higher temperature of the sea water.Generally, the cumulus generated by local convection exists in the mixed layer, and the cloud top is the top of the mixed layer.The turbulent kinetic energy in the surface layer (less 0.4 Z1) and in the capping inversion layer is in exceedingly unbalanced state.
In this paper the variations of the wind, temperature, humidity and turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer over the tropical ocean are analysed by use of observational data with tethersonde over the Equatorial Pacific of 165°E from November 19,1989 to June 29,1990.According to the analyses, it is pointed out that generally the thereto-dynamic structure of the Marine boundary layer in the tropical ocean area remains in a state of connective boundary layer owing to higher temperature of the sea water.Generally, the cumulus generated by local convection exists in the mixed layer, and the cloud top is the top of the mixed layer.The turbulent kinetic energy in the surface layer (less 0.4 Z1) and in the capping inversion layer is in exceedingly unbalanced state.
1994, (2): 237-242.
Abstract:
Light-saturation curves of Dicrateriia inornata at various temperatures were determined by using 14C-labelling technique.Kinetics of light-intensity adapation was also analyzed in combination with Chl.a determination and cell enumeration measurements.The responx of cellular Chl.a in light transition processes can be appoximately described with the first order kinetic model The model between temperature and maximum growth rate was established by using the Arrhenius equation.
Light-saturation curves of Dicrateriia inornata at various temperatures were determined by using 14C-labelling technique.Kinetics of light-intensity adapation was also analyzed in combination with Chl.a determination and cell enumeration measurements.The responx of cellular Chl.a in light transition processes can be appoximately described with the first order kinetic model The model between temperature and maximum growth rate was established by using the Arrhenius equation.
1994, (2): 243-251.
Abstract:
Long-term vacations in beach width of Alexandria Governorate have been analyzed using two sets of aerial photos taken in 1955 and 1983.The analysis reveals that a major part of most beaches has been subjected to coastal erosion except for only beeches.The estimated long-term rate of erosion is approximately 0.20 m/a.
El Maamoura beach, located east of Alexandria,is selected to evaluate seasonal variations.Sand volume losses are found to be 450 m3/(m·a) for the entire beach length (1.2 km).The annual sand transport by wind is estimated as about 37.7 m3.Subtracting this amount of sand from the net sand loss 450 m3/(cm·a) yields 412.3 m3/(cm·a) of eroded sand caused by the action of currents and waves.
Long-term vacations in beach width of Alexandria Governorate have been analyzed using two sets of aerial photos taken in 1955 and 1983.The analysis reveals that a major part of most beaches has been subjected to coastal erosion except for only beeches.The estimated long-term rate of erosion is approximately 0.20 m/a.
El Maamoura beach, located east of Alexandria,is selected to evaluate seasonal variations.Sand volume losses are found to be 450 m3/(m·a) for the entire beach length (1.2 km).The annual sand transport by wind is estimated as about 37.7 m3.Subtracting this amount of sand from the net sand loss 450 m3/(cm·a) yields 412.3 m3/(cm·a) of eroded sand caused by the action of currents and waves.
1994, (2): 253-259.
Abstract:
R-phycocyarnin (RPC) of Porphyra haitmmsis (T.J.Chang et B.F.Zheng) was chromatographed on Bio-Rex 70 column with urea solution (pH 3.0) as an eluent, and α and β two subunits were isolated.Their molecular weights were determined on SDS-PAGE at 18 400 and 20 500, respectively, while those of a and β subunits of allophycocyanin (APC) at 18 800 and 19 700, respeMively, and those of RPC and APC were at 117 000 and 122 000, respectively.
Both the molar ratio of α and β subunits of RPC and APC were 1:1, and the subunit composition was conf firmed to be(αβ)3.
It was ascertained that in RPC a subunit contains one chromophore phycocyanobilin (PCB) and β subunit has one chromophore PCB and one phycoerythrobilin (PEB),while in APC both α and β subunits contain one PCB.
R-phycocyarnin (RPC) of Porphyra haitmmsis (T.J.Chang et B.F.Zheng) was chromatographed on Bio-Rex 70 column with urea solution (pH 3.0) as an eluent, and α and β two subunits were isolated.Their molecular weights were determined on SDS-PAGE at 18 400 and 20 500, respectively, while those of a and β subunits of allophycocyanin (APC) at 18 800 and 19 700, respeMively, and those of RPC and APC were at 117 000 and 122 000, respectively.
Both the molar ratio of α and β subunits of RPC and APC were 1:1, and the subunit composition was conf firmed to be(αβ)3.
It was ascertained that in RPC a subunit contains one chromophore phycocyanobilin (PCB) and β subunit has one chromophore PCB and one phycoerythrobilin (PEB),while in APC both α and β subunits contain one PCB.
1994, (2): 261-267.
Abstract:
Fertilized eggs of Penaerrs chinenris were treated with cytochalasin B (C.B) to induce triploid.A number of them were cultured to the stage of zoea larvae.The C.B concentrations employed were 0.1~2.5mg/dm3.The treatments started at 5-20 min after fertilisation and lasted for various periods of time from 10 to 40 min.The highest inducing rate was 62.5%.It was obvious that higher C.B concentration gave stronger inhibition on the release of polar bodies,and the higher the C.B concentration wes, the more abnormal and aneuploid embryos were obtained.The sucteas in inducing triploid in P.chnrruis provided a posibility of polyploid breeding of this species.
Fertilized eggs of Penaerrs chinenris were treated with cytochalasin B (C.B) to induce triploid.A number of them were cultured to the stage of zoea larvae.The C.B concentrations employed were 0.1~2.5mg/dm3.The treatments started at 5-20 min after fertilisation and lasted for various periods of time from 10 to 40 min.The highest inducing rate was 62.5%.It was obvious that higher C.B concentration gave stronger inhibition on the release of polar bodies,and the higher the C.B concentration wes, the more abnormal and aneuploid embryos were obtained.The sucteas in inducing triploid in P.chnrruis provided a posibility of polyploid breeding of this species.
1994, (2): 269-274.
Abstract:
In the analysis of samples of planktonic Ostracoda from the northeast of the East China Sea and in the cooperative study on the Kutoshio of China and Japan, we discovered a new species belonging to Paraconchoecia.This specimen being different from other seven species of the "Procera" group in the genus in its having dorsal spines on both shells and other features, is named Poraconchnecia diacanthus n.sp.
In the analysis of samples of planktonic Ostracoda from the northeast of the East China Sea and in the cooperative study on the Kutoshio of China and Japan, we discovered a new species belonging to Paraconchoecia.This specimen being different from other seven species of the "Procera" group in the genus in its having dorsal spines on both shells and other features, is named Poraconchnecia diacanthus n.sp.
1994, (2): 275-283.
Abstract:
In order to induce tetrapkrid into Jinpang oyster (Crassostrea rivularis),embryos were treated with physical (cokl or heat shock) and chemical (chlorpromasinum or traditional Chinese medicine) methods in the first 3 min before the cleavage of zygotes or at the onset of the first cleavage of one or two eggs.Measurements show that the induction rates of tetraploid in the embryos inspected are 28%,30%,28.4% and 35.8% for heat-shock (39℃,3 min), cold-shock (10℃,3 min), chlorpromazinum (0.375 mg/dm3, 10 min) and traditional Chinese medicine (50 g/dm3) extract (57 cm3, 10 min), respectively.The tetraploid induction rate in the larvae treated with traditional Chinese medicine is 32.5%.
It is evident that the induction rate of tetraploid in embryos inspected at an early stage is the most remarkable when treated with traditional Chinese medicine.
In order to induce tetrapkrid into Jinpang oyster (Crassostrea rivularis),embryos were treated with physical (cokl or heat shock) and chemical (chlorpromasinum or traditional Chinese medicine) methods in the first 3 min before the cleavage of zygotes or at the onset of the first cleavage of one or two eggs.Measurements show that the induction rates of tetraploid in the embryos inspected are 28%,30%,28.4% and 35.8% for heat-shock (39℃,3 min), cold-shock (10℃,3 min), chlorpromazinum (0.375 mg/dm3, 10 min) and traditional Chinese medicine (50 g/dm3) extract (57 cm3, 10 min), respectively.The tetraploid induction rate in the larvae treated with traditional Chinese medicine is 32.5%.
It is evident that the induction rate of tetraploid in embryos inspected at an early stage is the most remarkable when treated with traditional Chinese medicine.
1994, (2): 285-296.
Abstract:
1994, (2): 297-304.
Abstract:
