2003 Vol. 22, No. 4
Display Method:
2003, (4): 491-502.
Abstract:
On the basis of the CTD data obtained by the two cruises before and after summer monsoon burst(25th May,1998),several significant hydrographic characteristics,their variation and formation mechanism in the South China Sea(SCS) are analyzed.The results show that the Kuroshio water intrudes into the SCS in the form of loop current,and its main part is limited to the east of 118°E near the Luzon Strait.Then it continuously extends westwards under the influence of the large-scale circulation,and has a distinct impact on the area north of 16°N.There are two high temperature and low salinity regions:west off Luzon and east off Vietnam respectively.One region west off Luzon strengthens obviously after summer monsoon burst,the other east off Vietnam shows a tendency of weakening in the north and strengthening in the south.The formation of these two high temperature and low salinity regions is related to the anti-cyclonic eddies existing in this area,besides,it is also related to the high temperature feature west of Luzon,the influx of Sulu Sea water and the influence of the large-scale air circulation.There is a cold region below the depth of 50 m in the south of Zhongsha Islands,and it strengthens after monsoon burst.The formation of cold water is related to the upwelling there.
On the basis of the CTD data obtained by the two cruises before and after summer monsoon burst(25th May,1998),several significant hydrographic characteristics,their variation and formation mechanism in the South China Sea(SCS) are analyzed.The results show that the Kuroshio water intrudes into the SCS in the form of loop current,and its main part is limited to the east of 118°E near the Luzon Strait.Then it continuously extends westwards under the influence of the large-scale circulation,and has a distinct impact on the area north of 16°N.There are two high temperature and low salinity regions:west off Luzon and east off Vietnam respectively.One region west off Luzon strengthens obviously after summer monsoon burst,the other east off Vietnam shows a tendency of weakening in the north and strengthening in the south.The formation of these two high temperature and low salinity regions is related to the anti-cyclonic eddies existing in this area,besides,it is also related to the high temperature feature west of Luzon,the influx of Sulu Sea water and the influence of the large-scale air circulation.There is a cold region below the depth of 50 m in the south of Zhongsha Islands,and it strengthens after monsoon burst.The formation of cold water is related to the upwelling there.
2003, (4): 503-510.
Abstract:
China has launched her first ocean color satellite HY-1A on May 15,2002 since American ocean color satellite SeaSTAR was on the orbit in 1997.First,the properties and characteristics of HY-1A are briefly introduced; second,the quality and availability are evaluated by means of the complex signal noise ratio(CSNR) which is simulated theoretically; third,the received HY-1A data are compared with SeaSTAR data to understand the accuracy of radiance measurement by the HY-1A; finally,the remote sensing products of ocean color and temperature are mapped to study the application potentiality of HY-1A.The results show that the HY-1A has its latent capability for the application of marine environment detection,the management and protection of marine resources,and the national rights and interests.Meanwhile some suggestions are proposed to modify the next ocean satellite.
China has launched her first ocean color satellite HY-1A on May 15,2002 since American ocean color satellite SeaSTAR was on the orbit in 1997.First,the properties and characteristics of HY-1A are briefly introduced; second,the quality and availability are evaluated by means of the complex signal noise ratio(CSNR) which is simulated theoretically; third,the received HY-1A data are compared with SeaSTAR data to understand the accuracy of radiance measurement by the HY-1A; finally,the remote sensing products of ocean color and temperature are mapped to study the application potentiality of HY-1A.The results show that the HY-1A has its latent capability for the application of marine environment detection,the management and protection of marine resources,and the national rights and interests.Meanwhile some suggestions are proposed to modify the next ocean satellite.
2003, (4): 511-522.
Abstract:
A series of test simulations are performed to evaluate the impact of satellite-derived meteorological data on numerical typhoon track prediction.Geostationary meteorological satellite(GMS-5) and NOAA's TIROS operational vertical sounder(TOVS) observations are used in the experiments.A twodimensional variation assimilation scheme is developed to assimilate the satellite data directly into the Penn State-NCAR nonhydrostatic meteorological model(MM5).Three-dimensional objective analyses fields based on T213 results and routine observations are employed as the background fields of the initialization.The comparisons of the simulated typhoon tracks are also carried out,which correspond respectively to the initialization scheme with two-dimensional variation(2D-Var),three-dimensional observational nudging and direct assimilation of satellite data.It is found that,comparing with the experiments without satellite data assimilation,the first two assimilation schemes lead to significant improvements on typhoon track prediction.Track errors reduce by 18% at 12 h for 2D-Var and from about 16% at 24 h to about 35% at 48 h for observational nudging.The simulated results based on assimilating different kinds of satellite data are also compared.
A series of test simulations are performed to evaluate the impact of satellite-derived meteorological data on numerical typhoon track prediction.Geostationary meteorological satellite(GMS-5) and NOAA's TIROS operational vertical sounder(TOVS) observations are used in the experiments.A twodimensional variation assimilation scheme is developed to assimilate the satellite data directly into the Penn State-NCAR nonhydrostatic meteorological model(MM5).Three-dimensional objective analyses fields based on T213 results and routine observations are employed as the background fields of the initialization.The comparisons of the simulated typhoon tracks are also carried out,which correspond respectively to the initialization scheme with two-dimensional variation(2D-Var),three-dimensional observational nudging and direct assimilation of satellite data.It is found that,comparing with the experiments without satellite data assimilation,the first two assimilation schemes lead to significant improvements on typhoon track prediction.Track errors reduce by 18% at 12 h for 2D-Var and from about 16% at 24 h to about 35% at 48 h for observational nudging.The simulated results based on assimilating different kinds of satellite data are also compared.
2003, (4): 523-531.
Abstract:
Side scan sonar imaging is one of the advanced methods for seabed study.In order to be utilized in other projects,such as ocean engineering,the image needs to be classified according to the distributions of different classes of seabed materials.In this paper,seabed image is classified according to BP neural network,and Genetic Algorithm is adopted in train network in this paper.The feature vectors are average intensity,six statistics of texture and two dimensions of fractal.It considers not only the spatial correlation between different pixels,but also the terrain coarseness.The texture is denoted by the statistics of the co-occurrence matrix.Double Blanket algorithm is used to calculate dimension.Because a uniform fractal may not be sufficient to describe a seafloor,two dimensions are calculated respectively by the upper blanket and the lower blanket.However,in sonar image,fractal has directivity,i.e.there are different dimensions in different direction.Dimensions are different in acrosstrack and alongtrack,so the average of four directions is used to solve this problem.Finally,the real data verify the algorithm.In this paper,one hidden layer including six nodes is adopted.The BP network is rapidly and accurately convergent through GA.Correct classification rate is 92.5% in the result.
Side scan sonar imaging is one of the advanced methods for seabed study.In order to be utilized in other projects,such as ocean engineering,the image needs to be classified according to the distributions of different classes of seabed materials.In this paper,seabed image is classified according to BP neural network,and Genetic Algorithm is adopted in train network in this paper.The feature vectors are average intensity,six statistics of texture and two dimensions of fractal.It considers not only the spatial correlation between different pixels,but also the terrain coarseness.The texture is denoted by the statistics of the co-occurrence matrix.Double Blanket algorithm is used to calculate dimension.Because a uniform fractal may not be sufficient to describe a seafloor,two dimensions are calculated respectively by the upper blanket and the lower blanket.However,in sonar image,fractal has directivity,i.e.there are different dimensions in different direction.Dimensions are different in acrosstrack and alongtrack,so the average of four directions is used to solve this problem.Finally,the real data verify the algorithm.In this paper,one hidden layer including six nodes is adopted.The BP network is rapidly and accurately convergent through GA.Correct classification rate is 92.5% in the result.
2003, (4): 533-546.
Abstract:
The distribution of nutrients and the effect of side transport of nutrients on anchovy spawning ground to the southern waters of Shandong Peninsula are discussed based on the data collected in June 2000,May and June 2001.The coastal current and upwelling are the main physical processes of nutrient transport to the southern waters of Shandong Peninsula.The concentrations of nutrients,Chla,the density of anchovy eggs,larva and juvenile fish increase obviously where they are greatly affected by these processes,while the contents of nutrients and Chl-a,the density of anchovy eggs,larva and juvenile fish decrease significantly where these processes diminish or disappear.The investigation suggest that the side transport of nutrients by Lubei(North Shandong) coastal current in the northern area causes the Chl-a content to be high and dense anchovy eggs,larva and juvenile fish to be dense in the coastal area of the Chengshan Cape.In the southern area,the riverine input from Subei irrigation ditch with high content of nutrients inshore and upwelling in the western edge of the Huanghai Sea Cold Water offshore should be responsible for high Chl-a concentration and dense anchovy eggs,larva and juvenile fish.It is possible that these processes of nutrient transport have controlled the anchovy spawning ground to the southem waters of Shandong Peninsula.
The distribution of nutrients and the effect of side transport of nutrients on anchovy spawning ground to the southern waters of Shandong Peninsula are discussed based on the data collected in June 2000,May and June 2001.The coastal current and upwelling are the main physical processes of nutrient transport to the southern waters of Shandong Peninsula.The concentrations of nutrients,Chla,the density of anchovy eggs,larva and juvenile fish increase obviously where they are greatly affected by these processes,while the contents of nutrients and Chl-a,the density of anchovy eggs,larva and juvenile fish decrease significantly where these processes diminish or disappear.The investigation suggest that the side transport of nutrients by Lubei(North Shandong) coastal current in the northern area causes the Chl-a content to be high and dense anchovy eggs,larva and juvenile fish to be dense in the coastal area of the Chengshan Cape.In the southern area,the riverine input from Subei irrigation ditch with high content of nutrients inshore and upwelling in the western edge of the Huanghai Sea Cold Water offshore should be responsible for high Chl-a concentration and dense anchovy eggs,larva and juvenile fish.It is possible that these processes of nutrient transport have controlled the anchovy spawning ground to the southem waters of Shandong Peninsula.
2003, (4): 547-556.
Abstract:
During the 16th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition(CHINARE)(from November 1999 to April 2000) seawater samples were collected for(DOC) determination in the Prydz Bay and its nearby sea areas.DOC concentrations were determined by high temperature catalytic oxidation(HTCO) method.The results shows that DOC concentrations in the upper water column(0~100 m) range from 14.3 to 181.1 μmol/dm3,with averaging 52.5 μ mol/dm3(n=55).These values are slightly higher than those reported for the Ross Sea,the Pacific Ocean and others.Profiles of DOC concentration in the study areas show a decreasing concentration with increasing depth in the upper 100 m,which is related to biological activities in the water column.DOC concentrations below 100 m are relatively constant with a mean of 40.4 μmol/dm3.These DOC are unactive for physical and biological activities and are called refractory DOC.Concentration of the refractory DOC in the study area is consistent with the previous reported values for the Southern Ocean,which is about 41 μmol/dm3.Based on the difference between the measured DOC concentration and the refractory concentration,the excess DOC concentration in the upper column can be calculated at every station.The excess DOC shows a spatial variability with a higher excess in the north of 64°S and little excess in the south of 64°S.In conclusion,DOC concentrations in the Prydz Bay and its nearby sea areas are consistent with the previous reported values in the Southern Ocean,which show a low DOC concentration with respect to the other oceans.Distribution of surface DOC concentrations in the study areas shows an increase from the southwestern to the northeastern,which is ascribed to the northern spread of continental shelf water from the Prydz Bay in summer.Contents of DOC and their distribution in the Prydz Bay and its nearby sea areas are mainly controlled by physical and biological processes.
During the 16th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition(CHINARE)(from November 1999 to April 2000) seawater samples were collected for(DOC) determination in the Prydz Bay and its nearby sea areas.DOC concentrations were determined by high temperature catalytic oxidation(HTCO) method.The results shows that DOC concentrations in the upper water column(0~100 m) range from 14.3 to 181.1 μmol/dm3,with averaging 52.5 μ mol/dm3(n=55).These values are slightly higher than those reported for the Ross Sea,the Pacific Ocean and others.Profiles of DOC concentration in the study areas show a decreasing concentration with increasing depth in the upper 100 m,which is related to biological activities in the water column.DOC concentrations below 100 m are relatively constant with a mean of 40.4 μmol/dm3.These DOC are unactive for physical and biological activities and are called refractory DOC.Concentration of the refractory DOC in the study area is consistent with the previous reported values for the Southern Ocean,which is about 41 μmol/dm3.Based on the difference between the measured DOC concentration and the refractory concentration,the excess DOC concentration in the upper column can be calculated at every station.The excess DOC shows a spatial variability with a higher excess in the north of 64°S and little excess in the south of 64°S.In conclusion,DOC concentrations in the Prydz Bay and its nearby sea areas are consistent with the previous reported values in the Southern Ocean,which show a low DOC concentration with respect to the other oceans.Distribution of surface DOC concentrations in the study areas shows an increase from the southwestern to the northeastern,which is ascribed to the northern spread of continental shelf water from the Prydz Bay in summer.Contents of DOC and their distribution in the Prydz Bay and its nearby sea areas are mainly controlled by physical and biological processes.
2003, (4): 557-568.
Abstract:
To investigate organic matter source and reactivity in the Zhujiang River(Pearl River) Estuary and its adjacent areas,particulate organic carbon(POC),particulate hydrolysable amino acids(PHAA),and Chl a during two cruises in July 1999 and July 2000 were measured.The highest POC and PHAA concentration was observed in the waters with maximum Chl a.The spectra distribution,relative content(dry weight in milligram per gram),PHAA-C% POC and other indicators such as the ratios of amino acids vs.amino sugars(AA/AS) and glucosamine vs.galactosamine(Glum/Gal) suggested that particulate amino acids in the water column and sediments in the Zhujiang River Estuary were mainly derived from biogenic processes rather than transported from terrestrial erosion.In inner estuary where high turbidity was often observable,organic matter was mainly contributed by re-suspension of bottom sediments with revealed zooplankton,microbial reworked characteristics,which suggest that these organic matters were relatively "old".In the estuarine brackish region,organic matter in water column is mainly contributed by relatively fresh,easily degradable phytoplankton derived organic matter.During physical-biological processes within the eastuary,organic matter derived from phytoplankton was subjected to alteration by zooplankton grazing and bacterial reworking.
To investigate organic matter source and reactivity in the Zhujiang River(Pearl River) Estuary and its adjacent areas,particulate organic carbon(POC),particulate hydrolysable amino acids(PHAA),and Chl a during two cruises in July 1999 and July 2000 were measured.The highest POC and PHAA concentration was observed in the waters with maximum Chl a.The spectra distribution,relative content(dry weight in milligram per gram),PHAA-C% POC and other indicators such as the ratios of amino acids vs.amino sugars(AA/AS) and glucosamine vs.galactosamine(Glum/Gal) suggested that particulate amino acids in the water column and sediments in the Zhujiang River Estuary were mainly derived from biogenic processes rather than transported from terrestrial erosion.In inner estuary where high turbidity was often observable,organic matter was mainly contributed by re-suspension of bottom sediments with revealed zooplankton,microbial reworked characteristics,which suggest that these organic matters were relatively "old".In the estuarine brackish region,organic matter in water column is mainly contributed by relatively fresh,easily degradable phytoplankton derived organic matter.During physical-biological processes within the eastuary,organic matter derived from phytoplankton was subjected to alteration by zooplankton grazing and bacterial reworking.
2003, (4): 569-576.
Abstract:
Light hydrocarbon(methane,ethane,propane,butane and CO2) test and C isotopic analysis of CO2 are conducted for over 100 lower-layer atmospheric samples from the East China Sea slope and the Okinawa Trough.The results show that the lower-layer atmosphere mainly consists of CO2 and then of CH4,and the CO2 concentrations are calculated to have a high average value of 0.87 ω/10-2,about three times that of the regional background(0.3 ω/10-2).The result also shows that the average value of C isotope-20.8×10-3 is given to the CO2,inferring that it is inorganic gas.Thus,for the future's work in the Okinawa Trough,special attention should be paid to CO2 hydrate,which is very possibly an important hydrate type.
Light hydrocarbon(methane,ethane,propane,butane and CO2) test and C isotopic analysis of CO2 are conducted for over 100 lower-layer atmospheric samples from the East China Sea slope and the Okinawa Trough.The results show that the lower-layer atmosphere mainly consists of CO2 and then of CH4,and the CO2 concentrations are calculated to have a high average value of 0.87 ω/10-2,about three times that of the regional background(0.3 ω/10-2).The result also shows that the average value of C isotope-20.8×10-3 is given to the CO2,inferring that it is inorganic gas.Thus,for the future's work in the Okinawa Trough,special attention should be paid to CO2 hydrate,which is very possibly an important hydrate type.
2003, (4): 577-596.
Abstract:
The achievement progresses of investigation and studies on marine hazardous geology are summarized and presentsd in the late 20 century in China.The importance,research value and presentday studies of marine hazardous geology,a newly developing branch of geoscience,are well expatiated.Several often confused concepts and theories are explained and redefined here.The comment on the means of investigations,assessment of marine hazardous geology,as well as its evolution,innovation,existing questions and future tasks are also introduced and presented.The concepts of "hazard geology","geohazard","map of marine hazard geology","integrated evaluaton on seafloor stablity" are respectively discussed,including their definition,research objects,methods and contents.The types and classification of marine hazardous geology,principles and methods of marine hazardous geology map compilation,the assessment methods and models of marine hazardous geology environment and seafloor stability and so on are also discussed.
The achievement progresses of investigation and studies on marine hazardous geology are summarized and presentsd in the late 20 century in China.The importance,research value and presentday studies of marine hazardous geology,a newly developing branch of geoscience,are well expatiated.Several often confused concepts and theories are explained and redefined here.The comment on the means of investigations,assessment of marine hazardous geology,as well as its evolution,innovation,existing questions and future tasks are also introduced and presented.The concepts of "hazard geology","geohazard","map of marine hazard geology","integrated evaluaton on seafloor stablity" are respectively discussed,including their definition,research objects,methods and contents.The types and classification of marine hazardous geology,principles and methods of marine hazardous geology map compilation,the assessment methods and models of marine hazardous geology environment and seafloor stability and so on are also discussed.
2003, (4): 597-606.
Abstract:
Based on the quantitative analyses of abundance of planktonic foraminifera,benthic foraminifera,calcareous nannofossils,the ratios of calcareous to siliceous microfossils,and the determination of carbonate contents in the surface sediments of the northeastern South China Sea,it has been found that the carbonate contents,the abundance of planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton,and the ratio of calcareous microfossils decrease rapidly while the ratio of the benthic foraminifera to the total foraminiferal fauna,specific value of siliceous microfossils,and the percentage of the agglutinated tests in the benthic foraminiferal fauna increase with the water depth.The results indicate that the microfossils abundance and ratio,and the carbonate content are closely related to the carbonate lysocline and carbonate compensation depth(CCD) in the study area.In addition,the carbonate lysocline and the CCD are different between the southern and northern parts of the South China Sea.Both the lysocline and the CCD are deeper in the south with 2 600 and 3 600 m than in the north with 2 200 and 3 400 m,respectively.
Based on the quantitative analyses of abundance of planktonic foraminifera,benthic foraminifera,calcareous nannofossils,the ratios of calcareous to siliceous microfossils,and the determination of carbonate contents in the surface sediments of the northeastern South China Sea,it has been found that the carbonate contents,the abundance of planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton,and the ratio of calcareous microfossils decrease rapidly while the ratio of the benthic foraminifera to the total foraminiferal fauna,specific value of siliceous microfossils,and the percentage of the agglutinated tests in the benthic foraminiferal fauna increase with the water depth.The results indicate that the microfossils abundance and ratio,and the carbonate content are closely related to the carbonate lysocline and carbonate compensation depth(CCD) in the study area.In addition,the carbonate lysocline and the CCD are different between the southern and northern parts of the South China Sea.Both the lysocline and the CCD are deeper in the south with 2 600 and 3 600 m than in the north with 2 200 and 3 400 m,respectively.
2003, (4): 607-619.
Abstract:
The result of an analysis of mollusca remains collected from the Chukchi Sea,Beaufort Sea and Bering Sea in the First Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition,from July to September,1999 is presented.Seventeen species of mollusca have been identified,which belong to two classes:Bivalvia and Gastropoda.The compositions of the mollusca are very simple.According to the distribution pattern two groups may be distinguished among molluscan species.The Pan-Arctic and circumboreal group comprises Nuculana pernula,N.radiata,Nucula bellotii,Astarte montagui,Seripes groenlandicus,Macoma calcarea,M.moesta alaskana,Liocyma fluctuosa,Mya pseudoarenaria and Turritella polaris. Three species,Cyclocardia crebricos tata,Trichotrois coronata and Argobuccinum oregonense are components of the Pan-Arctic and Pacific boreal group.With regard to feeding habits,detritus feeders dominate.There are 7 species of detritus feeders,i.e.,Nuculana pernula,N.radiata,Nucula bellotii,Macoma calcarea,M.moesta alaskana,Macoma sp.and Trichotropis coronata.Detritus feeders are dominant with regard to the numbers of species as well as to the frequency of occurrence.Macoma calcarea is the most abundant species.
The result of an analysis of mollusca remains collected from the Chukchi Sea,Beaufort Sea and Bering Sea in the First Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition,from July to September,1999 is presented.Seventeen species of mollusca have been identified,which belong to two classes:Bivalvia and Gastropoda.The compositions of the mollusca are very simple.According to the distribution pattern two groups may be distinguished among molluscan species.The Pan-Arctic and circumboreal group comprises Nuculana pernula,N.radiata,Nucula bellotii,Astarte montagui,Seripes groenlandicus,Macoma calcarea,M.moesta alaskana,Liocyma fluctuosa,Mya pseudoarenaria and Turritella polaris. Three species,Cyclocardia crebricos tata,Trichotrois coronata and Argobuccinum oregonense are components of the Pan-Arctic and Pacific boreal group.With regard to feeding habits,detritus feeders dominate.There are 7 species of detritus feeders,i.e.,Nuculana pernula,N.radiata,Nucula bellotii,Macoma calcarea,M.moesta alaskana,Macoma sp.and Trichotropis coronata.Detritus feeders are dominant with regard to the numbers of species as well as to the frequency of occurrence.Macoma calcarea is the most abundant species.
2003, (4): 621-628.
Abstract:
The morphological characters on different developmental phases of embryo and larva and the schedule of the whole early developmental process in Styela canopus were observed and described.The types of reproduction and early development as well as the morphology of egg and larva in different ascidian species were compared.Styela canopus is oviparous.Its egg,230.4~336.0 μm in diameter,is equipped with extraembryonic cell layers measured 43.2~63.0 μm thick.The early development of Styela canopus is typical urodele development,including fertilization,cleavage,gastrulation,tadpole in membrane,tadpole,initiating metamorphosis and juvenile.The tadpole of Styela canopus,with a length of 0.6~0.9 mm,consists of trunk and tail.There are obvious notochord,ocellus and adhesive papillae in the tadpole.Under the water temperature of(25±0.5)℃ and the salinity of 27.0,the larva was hatched after 9.5~11.0 h since the fertilization.
The morphological characters on different developmental phases of embryo and larva and the schedule of the whole early developmental process in Styela canopus were observed and described.The types of reproduction and early development as well as the morphology of egg and larva in different ascidian species were compared.Styela canopus is oviparous.Its egg,230.4~336.0 μm in diameter,is equipped with extraembryonic cell layers measured 43.2~63.0 μm thick.The early development of Styela canopus is typical urodele development,including fertilization,cleavage,gastrulation,tadpole in membrane,tadpole,initiating metamorphosis and juvenile.The tadpole of Styela canopus,with a length of 0.6~0.9 mm,consists of trunk and tail.There are obvious notochord,ocellus and adhesive papillae in the tadpole.Under the water temperature of(25±0.5)℃ and the salinity of 27.0,the larva was hatched after 9.5~11.0 h since the fertilization.
2003, (4): 629-634.
Abstract:
The genetic structure of three stocks(K,H and S) of Penaeus chinensis was detected by RAPD method which useed 41 random oligonucleotide primers with 10 bases.Stock K was from the spawning stock of the western coastal waters of the Korea Peninsula,H was from the Huanghai SeaBohai Sea stock and S was from the health cultured stock in Jimo,Shandong Province,China.Three genetic markers,F-02540,OPN-13800 and OPN-202200,which could differentiate the three different stocks,have been reported.The basic data for marker assisted selection(MAS) on genetic breeding of Penaeus chinensis are provided.
The genetic structure of three stocks(K,H and S) of Penaeus chinensis was detected by RAPD method which useed 41 random oligonucleotide primers with 10 bases.Stock K was from the spawning stock of the western coastal waters of the Korea Peninsula,H was from the Huanghai SeaBohai Sea stock and S was from the health cultured stock in Jimo,Shandong Province,China.Three genetic markers,F-02540,OPN-13800 and OPN-202200,which could differentiate the three different stocks,have been reported.The basic data for marker assisted selection(MAS) on genetic breeding of Penaeus chinensis are provided.
2003, (4): 635-642.
Abstract:
A rapid and sensitive PCR-based method for the detection of the large yellow croaker iridovirus(LYCIV) is described,which involves the amplification of a 295 bp fragment of the LYCIV ATPase gene from DNA isolated from naturally infected fish spleen.Sequencing of LYCIV ATPase gene fragment showed it shared 100% nucleotide sequence homology with the corresponding region of the ATPase gene of red sea bream iridovirus(RSIV) and sea bass iridovirus(SBIV),suggesting that LYCIV was homologous with RSIV and SBIV at least in part of the gemone.The specificity and sensitivity of the PCR procedure were tested on the iridovirus-infected fishes,the expected fragment was detected from spleen DNA samples of infected fishes,whereas no fragments were amplified from healthy fish spleen DNA,white spot syndrome baculoviruses(WSBV) DNA and pseudorabies virus(PRV) DNA.Detection limit of this method was 10-7 ng positive plasmid DNA containing target sequence,equal to about 100 virions.In the infected experiment,first positive detection(1/4) appeared at Day 3 post-infection,all fish(4/4) tested positive at Day 7,however obvious symptoms were observed at Day 8,so LYCIV infection could be detected prior to the appearance of obvious symptoms.These results indicate that this PCR method could be used for early,rapid and specific detection of LYCIV infection.
A rapid and sensitive PCR-based method for the detection of the large yellow croaker iridovirus(LYCIV) is described,which involves the amplification of a 295 bp fragment of the LYCIV ATPase gene from DNA isolated from naturally infected fish spleen.Sequencing of LYCIV ATPase gene fragment showed it shared 100% nucleotide sequence homology with the corresponding region of the ATPase gene of red sea bream iridovirus(RSIV) and sea bass iridovirus(SBIV),suggesting that LYCIV was homologous with RSIV and SBIV at least in part of the gemone.The specificity and sensitivity of the PCR procedure were tested on the iridovirus-infected fishes,the expected fragment was detected from spleen DNA samples of infected fishes,whereas no fragments were amplified from healthy fish spleen DNA,white spot syndrome baculoviruses(WSBV) DNA and pseudorabies virus(PRV) DNA.Detection limit of this method was 10-7 ng positive plasmid DNA containing target sequence,equal to about 100 virions.In the infected experiment,first positive detection(1/4) appeared at Day 3 post-infection,all fish(4/4) tested positive at Day 7,however obvious symptoms were observed at Day 8,so LYCIV infection could be detected prior to the appearance of obvious symptoms.These results indicate that this PCR method could be used for early,rapid and specific detection of LYCIV infection.
2003, (4): 643-649.
Abstract:
A strain of psychrophilic bacterium,2-5-10-1,which produces low-temperature lipase,is isolated from the deep sea of Prydz Bay in Southern Ocean.The highest lipase secretion of this strain is observed at 5℃ and this temperature is also for optimal growth.Tween 80 and olive oil enhance secretion of lipase.The optimal temperature and pH for lipase activity are 35℃ and 7.5℃ respectively.At 0℃,the lipase still has 37% relative enzyme activity.The lipase shows high thermolability,more than 50% activity lost after incubation at 60℃ for 15 min.EDTA has no effect on lipase activity,indicating the lipase activity is independent of divalent cation.In contrast,the lipase activity is inhibited drastically by Cu2+ and Zn2+.
A strain of psychrophilic bacterium,2-5-10-1,which produces low-temperature lipase,is isolated from the deep sea of Prydz Bay in Southern Ocean.The highest lipase secretion of this strain is observed at 5℃ and this temperature is also for optimal growth.Tween 80 and olive oil enhance secretion of lipase.The optimal temperature and pH for lipase activity are 35℃ and 7.5℃ respectively.At 0℃,the lipase still has 37% relative enzyme activity.The lipase shows high thermolability,more than 50% activity lost after incubation at 60℃ for 15 min.EDTA has no effect on lipase activity,indicating the lipase activity is independent of divalent cation.In contrast,the lipase activity is inhibited drastically by Cu2+ and Zn2+.
2003, (4): 651-670.
Abstract:
The paper deals with the studies on the cell abundance,the composition of dominant species,size fractionated biomass and productivity of phytoplankton,new production,the environmentally restricted mechanism in the Prydz Bay and the adjacent Indian sector of the Southern Ocean during the austral summer 1998/1999.The results showed that there was marked feature of spatial zonation in the sea areas investigated.In the Prydz Bay and its adjacent continental shelf,the biomass and productivity of phytoplankton were high; those of continental slope and open ocean area were obviously low.The nutrient concentration had opposite distribution trend,due to the consumption of phytoplankton.It mainly affected by the vertical stability of water column,grazing pressure of zooplankton,temperature and light etc.The results of size-fractionation showed that the average contribution of netplankton to total chlorophyll a in studied sea areas was 52.2%,those of nano-and picoplankton were 29.4% and 18.4%,respectively.The average contribution of netplankton to total primary production was 52.4%,those of nano-and picoplankton were 28.7% and 18.9%,separately.It is same as previous conclusion that the contribution of picoplankton to productivity is slightly larger than that to biomass of phytoplankton communities.The average new production and f-ratio were 230.6 mg/(m2·d) and 0.43,respectively.
The paper deals with the studies on the cell abundance,the composition of dominant species,size fractionated biomass and productivity of phytoplankton,new production,the environmentally restricted mechanism in the Prydz Bay and the adjacent Indian sector of the Southern Ocean during the austral summer 1998/1999.The results showed that there was marked feature of spatial zonation in the sea areas investigated.In the Prydz Bay and its adjacent continental shelf,the biomass and productivity of phytoplankton were high; those of continental slope and open ocean area were obviously low.The nutrient concentration had opposite distribution trend,due to the consumption of phytoplankton.It mainly affected by the vertical stability of water column,grazing pressure of zooplankton,temperature and light etc.The results of size-fractionation showed that the average contribution of netplankton to total chlorophyll a in studied sea areas was 52.2%,those of nano-and picoplankton were 29.4% and 18.4%,respectively.The average contribution of netplankton to total primary production was 52.4%,those of nano-and picoplankton were 28.7% and 18.9%,separately.It is same as previous conclusion that the contribution of picoplankton to productivity is slightly larger than that to biomass of phytoplankton communities.The average new production and f-ratio were 230.6 mg/(m2·d) and 0.43,respectively.
2003, (4): 671-678.
Abstract:
The karyotypes of three species of marine Veneroida molluscs,Solen grandis Dunker,Saxidomus purpuratus Sowerby and Mactra chinensis Philippi were studied by using the adult gill tissues.The chromosomes were prepared through injecting phytohemagglutinin(PHA) and colchicine,hypotonic treatment,chopping air-dry,and squashing technology.The results show that the diploid chromosome numbers of the three Veneroida species are the same as 2 n=38.The karyotype of Solen grandis is 26m+6sm+2st+4t,NF=70,the karyotype of Saxidomus purpuratus is 32m+2sm+4st/t,NF=72,and the karyotype of Mactra chinensis is 20m+16sm+2st/t,NF=74.Satellite and sex chromosome were not found among the chromosomes of three species.
The karyotypes of three species of marine Veneroida molluscs,Solen grandis Dunker,Saxidomus purpuratus Sowerby and Mactra chinensis Philippi were studied by using the adult gill tissues.The chromosomes were prepared through injecting phytohemagglutinin(PHA) and colchicine,hypotonic treatment,chopping air-dry,and squashing technology.The results show that the diploid chromosome numbers of the three Veneroida species are the same as 2 n=38.The karyotype of Solen grandis is 26m+6sm+2st+4t,NF=70,the karyotype of Saxidomus purpuratus is 32m+2sm+4st/t,NF=72,and the karyotype of Mactra chinensis is 20m+16sm+2st/t,NF=74.Satellite and sex chromosome were not found among the chromosomes of three species.
2003, (4): 679-688.
Abstract:
Platforms Ⅰ and Ⅱ are steel structures located in offshore areas southeast of the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta,the northern South China Sea,in about 110 m water depth.The jackets,with aluminum sacrificial anodes for cathodic protection(CP) of the immersed zone,were launched in March 1995.In May 1996 a CP survey showed that,after almost one year of service,a low polarization level had been achieved and some extended unprotected zones existed,mainly in the deepest part of the Platform Ⅱ.Further to this,a joint activity was decided in order to assess the need of a possible retrofitting of the CP systems.The results of the activity carried out are dealt with,including technical and economical comparisons amongst several retrofitting options,both with sacrificial anodes and with impressed current systems.The adopted solution is illustrated and data are reported on the level of protection presently achieved.
Platforms Ⅰ and Ⅱ are steel structures located in offshore areas southeast of the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta,the northern South China Sea,in about 110 m water depth.The jackets,with aluminum sacrificial anodes for cathodic protection(CP) of the immersed zone,were launched in March 1995.In May 1996 a CP survey showed that,after almost one year of service,a low polarization level had been achieved and some extended unprotected zones existed,mainly in the deepest part of the Platform Ⅱ.Further to this,a joint activity was decided in order to assess the need of a possible retrofitting of the CP systems.The results of the activity carried out are dealt with,including technical and economical comparisons amongst several retrofitting options,both with sacrificial anodes and with impressed current systems.The adopted solution is illustrated and data are reported on the level of protection presently achieved.
