1983 Vol. 2, No. 1
Display Method:
1983, (1): 1-11.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the variations of the monthly mean sea level of the seas near China. The distribution charts of mean, sea level in winter and in summer are given. The monthly mean sea level variations are mainly caused by monsoon, sea currents and the fluctuation of atmospheric pressure. The annual range of monthly mean sea level is 50-70 cm in the northern part of the seas near China, and 20-40 cm in the southern part. The variation period of the monthly mean sea level of the seas near China is principally annual one.
This paper deals with the variations of the monthly mean sea level of the seas near China. The distribution charts of mean, sea level in winter and in summer are given. The monthly mean sea level variations are mainly caused by monsoon, sea currents and the fluctuation of atmospheric pressure. The annual range of monthly mean sea level is 50-70 cm in the northern part of the seas near China, and 20-40 cm in the southern part. The variation period of the monthly mean sea level of the seas near China is principally annual one.
1983, (1): 12-21.
Abstract:
This paper deals with numerical modelling of organic pollutant (COD) in the Bohai Sea. One of the main purposes is intended to provide a useful numerical model for predicting the water quality in the Bohai Sea.
A two-dimensional advective-dispersion equation and a set of corresponding ADI difference scheme are used. The computations were executed on the computer in a specially designed program IMEP-TD for modelling dispersion of pollutant. From the modelling results, present water quality in the Bohai Sea is, generally speaking, still fine except the areas near the estuaries and inlets where sea water is contaminated. To protect ecosystem in the Bohai Sea, the inflow load should not keep increasing rapidly.
This paper deals with numerical modelling of organic pollutant (COD) in the Bohai Sea. One of the main purposes is intended to provide a useful numerical model for predicting the water quality in the Bohai Sea.
A two-dimensional advective-dispersion equation and a set of corresponding ADI difference scheme are used. The computations were executed on the computer in a specially designed program IMEP-TD for modelling dispersion of pollutant. From the modelling results, present water quality in the Bohai Sea is, generally speaking, still fine except the areas near the estuaries and inlets where sea water is contaminated. To protect ecosystem in the Bohai Sea, the inflow load should not keep increasing rapidly.
1983, (1): 22-33.
Abstract:
In general, the westward typhoons are associated with zonal flow patterns. But if there was a high level cold vortex in the southern region of the subtropical high, the typhoon would pass through the subtropical high towards the North.
In the paper, this kind of knotty typhoons track was discussed. The temperature, wind, divergence and vorticity fields in the subtropical high regions, and the structure of cold vortex were analysed. The cold vortex not only weakens the subtropical high, but also forces the typhoon to move northward.
In general, the westward typhoons are associated with zonal flow patterns. But if there was a high level cold vortex in the southern region of the subtropical high, the typhoon would pass through the subtropical high towards the North.
In the paper, this kind of knotty typhoons track was discussed. The temperature, wind, divergence and vorticity fields in the subtropical high regions, and the structure of cold vortex were analysed. The cold vortex not only weakens the subtropical high, but also forces the typhoon to move northward.
1983, (1): 34-44.
Abstract:
It has been found that the sea-surface temperature and the characteristics of atmospheric circulation in the preceding months are closely related to the temperature and ice regime in winter months. This relationship is strikingly reflected over the strong ocean current regions and over the regions with quasi-permanent atmospheric center actions. It has also been shown that the influence of the ocean on the atmosphere is more pronounced over these regions. This relationship may offer a key for long-term forecasting of the sea-ice regime in winter. In addition, because there is an obvious instability, the stabilities of the correlation coefficients are analysed. In consideration of the fact that the formation of weather process changes with the variations of time scale, predictions for longer and shorter time scale processes are discussed separately.
In conclusion, some forecasting results obtained and tests made in recent years are given.
It has been found that the sea-surface temperature and the characteristics of atmospheric circulation in the preceding months are closely related to the temperature and ice regime in winter months. This relationship is strikingly reflected over the strong ocean current regions and over the regions with quasi-permanent atmospheric center actions. It has also been shown that the influence of the ocean on the atmosphere is more pronounced over these regions. This relationship may offer a key for long-term forecasting of the sea-ice regime in winter. In addition, because there is an obvious instability, the stabilities of the correlation coefficients are analysed. In consideration of the fact that the formation of weather process changes with the variations of time scale, predictions for longer and shorter time scale processes are discussed separately.
In conclusion, some forecasting results obtained and tests made in recent years are given.
1983, (1): 45-51.
Abstract:
In this paper, starting from the equations of the nonlinear internal gravity waves in stratified fluid, using the method of the Taylor expansion nearby the equilibrium point for the nonlinear terms, we find the analytical solutions for nonlinear internal gravity waves. The linear internal gravity waves and solitary waves are its special cases. The nonlinear internal gravity waves satisfy the well-known KdV (Karteweg-de Vries) equation. The nonlinear internal gravity waves are different from linear waves in character. The former dispersive relation contains the amplitude, but the latter does not. The larger the amplitude and the wavelength the faster are waves for the nonlinear internal gravity waves. The smaller the stability of the stratification, the larger is the wavelength (or the width). Some phenomena such as squall line, cumulus, turbulent mass structure in atmosphere, and thermocline in ocean have these natures.
In this paper, starting from the equations of the nonlinear internal gravity waves in stratified fluid, using the method of the Taylor expansion nearby the equilibrium point for the nonlinear terms, we find the analytical solutions for nonlinear internal gravity waves. The linear internal gravity waves and solitary waves are its special cases. The nonlinear internal gravity waves satisfy the well-known KdV (Karteweg-de Vries) equation. The nonlinear internal gravity waves are different from linear waves in character. The former dispersive relation contains the amplitude, but the latter does not. The larger the amplitude and the wavelength the faster are waves for the nonlinear internal gravity waves. The smaller the stability of the stratification, the larger is the wavelength (or the width). Some phenomena such as squall line, cumulus, turbulent mass structure in atmosphere, and thermocline in ocean have these natures.
1983, (1): 52-59.
Abstract:
A low-absorbance differential cold vapor atomic absorption method is developed for direct determination of trace mercury in seawater. The sensitivity of the method is good at 1 ng mercury per liter and precision is excellent with a relative standard deviation of 13.9% at 12 ng Hg/l level and 3.2% at 39 ng Hg/l level respectively. The method is proved to be rapid and simple, and has been applied to the analysis of mercury in seawater from Xiamen Harbor and the Central Pacific Ocean.
A low-absorbance differential cold vapor atomic absorption method is developed for direct determination of trace mercury in seawater. The sensitivity of the method is good at 1 ng mercury per liter and precision is excellent with a relative standard deviation of 13.9% at 12 ng Hg/l level and 3.2% at 39 ng Hg/l level respectively. The method is proved to be rapid and simple, and has been applied to the analysis of mercury in seawater from Xiamen Harbor and the Central Pacific Ocean.
1983, (1): 60-63.
Abstract:
This article deals with a new method of analysing in seawater, i. e. the uranium is concentrated with an aqueous suspension of basic zinc carbonate, subsequently isolated and determined by extraction-photometric method. In concentrating uranium such factors as stirring time, amount of adsorbent used, acidity of seawater were studied and conditions suitable for analysis were found. This method is simple, accurate and good in reproducibility. It is not necessary to adjust the pH of seawater before analysis. This technique can also be applied to determination of uranium in river or lake.
This article deals with a new method of analysing in seawater, i. e. the uranium is concentrated with an aqueous suspension of basic zinc carbonate, subsequently isolated and determined by extraction-photometric method. In concentrating uranium such factors as stirring time, amount of adsorbent used, acidity of seawater were studied and conditions suitable for analysis were found. This method is simple, accurate and good in reproducibility. It is not necessary to adjust the pH of seawater before analysis. This technique can also be applied to determination of uranium in river or lake.
1983, (1): 64-76.
Abstract:
The forms distribution of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in waters of the Northwest Bohai Gulf is investigated by inverse polarography of anti-adsorption physically coated mercury film electrode, the higher content of most forms of trace metals is in polluted estuary water, and unstable Zn and Pb are in anomalous distribution. The average concentrations read ΣZn 20.0μg/l (14.5-36.6 μg/l, ΣCd 0.11μg/l (0.080-0.14μg/l), ΣPb 1.0μg/l (0.58-1.6 μg/l), and ΣCu 5.2μg/l) (2.37-8.43 μg/l) respectively.
The forms distribution of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in waters of the Northwest Bohai Gulf is investigated by inverse polarography of anti-adsorption physically coated mercury film electrode, the higher content of most forms of trace metals is in polluted estuary water, and unstable Zn and Pb are in anomalous distribution. The average concentrations read ΣZn 20.0μg/l (14.5-36.6 μg/l, ΣCd 0.11μg/l (0.080-0.14μg/l), ΣPb 1.0μg/l (0.58-1.6 μg/l), and ΣCu 5.2μg/l) (2.37-8.43 μg/l) respectively.
1983, (1): 77-83.
Abstract:
This paper studies the vertical distribution of apparent oxygen utilization in nearshore water off Southern and Central Fujian.
The characteristics of AOU vertical distribution in summer in the area under consideration are that the AOU has its low value in the upper layer and high one in the lower layer, and that negative values of surface AOU are found at half of the stations.
AOU minimals at stations Id and Ic off central Fujian come from high-rate photosynthesis of phytopankton and the lower utilization of oxygen with the increase of temperature. The oxygen is mainly produced by photosynthesis rather than by some other processes above 10 meter water at stations 1d and 1c.
This paper studies the vertical distribution of apparent oxygen utilization in nearshore water off Southern and Central Fujian.
The characteristics of AOU vertical distribution in summer in the area under consideration are that the AOU has its low value in the upper layer and high one in the lower layer, and that negative values of surface AOU are found at half of the stations.
AOU minimals at stations Id and Ic off central Fujian come from high-rate photosynthesis of phytopankton and the lower utilization of oxygen with the increase of temperature. The oxygen is mainly produced by photosynthesis rather than by some other processes above 10 meter water at stations 1d and 1c.
1983, (1): 84-96.
Abstract:
The holocene sand bodies in Changjiang delta area may be classified genetically as river mouth sand, marine sand and river channel-filled sand, which are different in external geometry, internal characteristics, spatial distribution and contact with overlying and underlying beds, The sand bodies ate distributed in two-storeyed beds in vertical sequence. The transgressive sands are overlain by regressive ones, and there is a wedge of marine clay between them.
The holocene sand bodies in Changjiang delta area may be classified genetically as river mouth sand, marine sand and river channel-filled sand, which are different in external geometry, internal characteristics, spatial distribution and contact with overlying and underlying beds, The sand bodies ate distributed in two-storeyed beds in vertical sequence. The transgressive sands are overlain by regressive ones, and there is a wedge of marine clay between them.
1983, (1): 97-106.
Abstract:
We got two cores from 10 miles east of Zhoushan islands about 29 m in water depth in 1979 and 1980.DC1 core, 26 m long, can be divided into two layers; 0-19.4 m, brown-yellow, silty-clay, rich in foraminifera, 19.3-26 m, grey silt. DC1 core, 91 m long, 7 miles south of DC1 core. The colour for 0-16.6 m is the same as for 0-19.4 m of DC2 core, brown silty-clay, rich in foraminifera too. The results of paleomagnetic measurements show:there are 464 specimens in DC1 and DC2 cores altogether; AF demagnetization often shows that 95% of all the specimens belong to normal polarity epoch, and the others are reversal ones.
We consider that more stranger intensity may represent the warming period and transgression period, and vice versa. At least DC, and DC2 cores provide such an evidence for this. It is obvious that glacial period should be low peak period of intensity, and interglacial period should be its high peak period.
We got two cores from 10 miles east of Zhoushan islands about 29 m in water depth in 1979 and 1980.DC1 core, 26 m long, can be divided into two layers; 0-19.4 m, brown-yellow, silty-clay, rich in foraminifera, 19.3-26 m, grey silt. DC1 core, 91 m long, 7 miles south of DC1 core. The colour for 0-16.6 m is the same as for 0-19.4 m of DC2 core, brown silty-clay, rich in foraminifera too. The results of paleomagnetic measurements show:there are 464 specimens in DC1 and DC2 cores altogether; AF demagnetization often shows that 95% of all the specimens belong to normal polarity epoch, and the others are reversal ones.
We consider that more stranger intensity may represent the warming period and transgression period, and vice versa. At least DC, and DC2 cores provide such an evidence for this. It is obvious that glacial period should be low peak period of intensity, and interglacial period should be its high peak period.
1983, (1): 107-119.
Abstract:
The fundamental conditions and basic process for the formation of the Zhujiang (Pearl River) Delta are similar to those of most of the deltas. Their localities are all in the submerged regions of the crustal structure, the shallow estuary results from transgression, the fluviatile runoff flowing into the sea and the silt discharge are large, the destructive energy of waves and the coastal current is small, silt accumulates rapidly, the depositional fabric is zonally distributed horizontally, and the corresponding sequence occurs vertically. Because the original Zhujiang Estuary stretched up to the continent about 160 km, the silt discharge of the Zhujiang River is now relatively small, as compared with the rivers famous for their deltas stretching into the sea. Therefore, the Zhujiang Delta is still developing inside the estuary, and thus is called the filling delta. Thanks to the long history and culture as well as the kaleidoscope-like ancient literature of the Chinese people, reliable pieces of evidence are offered for identification of the evolutional history of the modem delta.
The fundamental conditions and basic process for the formation of the Zhujiang (Pearl River) Delta are similar to those of most of the deltas. Their localities are all in the submerged regions of the crustal structure, the shallow estuary results from transgression, the fluviatile runoff flowing into the sea and the silt discharge are large, the destructive energy of waves and the coastal current is small, silt accumulates rapidly, the depositional fabric is zonally distributed horizontally, and the corresponding sequence occurs vertically. Because the original Zhujiang Estuary stretched up to the continent about 160 km, the silt discharge of the Zhujiang River is now relatively small, as compared with the rivers famous for their deltas stretching into the sea. Therefore, the Zhujiang Delta is still developing inside the estuary, and thus is called the filling delta. Thanks to the long history and culture as well as the kaleidoscope-like ancient literature of the Chinese people, reliable pieces of evidence are offered for identification of the evolutional history of the modem delta.
1983, (1): 120-128.
Abstract:
The present paper is a report on the feeding habits, seasonal variations of food contents and feeding intensity, and the relationships between the digestive organs and feeding habits of Red-fin pargo, Parargyrops edita (from 39 to 178 mm in body length), collected from South Fujian and Taiwan Bank fishing ground. The result shows that Red-fin pargo is a demersal fish with wide range of food items of which are chiefly benthos and secondly nekton and plankton. Polychaeta, Ophiuroi-dea, Gammaridea, Pisces, Macrura, Ostracoda, Cephalopoda and Mysidacea are important food for both young and adult. The composition of food items varies with seasons. The feeding habits of the fish over 39 mm in body length do not vary with its age, but the adult take more Pisces and Cephalopoda than the young. The feeding intensity is the highest in spring and the lowest during winter. The feeding behavior is also closely related to its reproductive activity and the digestive organs are found to be adapted to its euryphagy.
The present paper is a report on the feeding habits, seasonal variations of food contents and feeding intensity, and the relationships between the digestive organs and feeding habits of Red-fin pargo, Parargyrops edita (from 39 to 178 mm in body length), collected from South Fujian and Taiwan Bank fishing ground. The result shows that Red-fin pargo is a demersal fish with wide range of food items of which are chiefly benthos and secondly nekton and plankton. Polychaeta, Ophiuroi-dea, Gammaridea, Pisces, Macrura, Ostracoda, Cephalopoda and Mysidacea are important food for both young and adult. The composition of food items varies with seasons. The feeding habits of the fish over 39 mm in body length do not vary with its age, but the adult take more Pisces and Cephalopoda than the young. The feeding intensity is the highest in spring and the lowest during winter. The feeding behavior is also closely related to its reproductive activity and the digestive organs are found to be adapted to its euryphagy.
1983, (1): 129-138.
Abstract:
In the survey area, there are four maxima and two clear minima of seasonal variation in total numbers of individuals of hydromedusae a year. The change of locations in the dense center of hydromedusae shows that it moves northward from southwest in spring and summer, and it retracts from north to southwestern part of the strait in autumn and winter. The seasonal variation in number of species of hydromedusae may be divided into two types:(i) species occur throughout the year. (ii) species with markedly seasonal variation. There are three dominant species in the survey area, i. e. Liriope tetraphylla, Aglaura hemistoma and Rhopalonema velatum. The former two are of oceanic eurytopic type, the last one is of oceanic steurotopic type. The hydromedusae in investigated area may be divided into three ecological groups, i. e. neritic warm-water, oceanic warm-water and neritic warm-temperal, the former two of which are dominated.
In the survey area, there are four maxima and two clear minima of seasonal variation in total numbers of individuals of hydromedusae a year. The change of locations in the dense center of hydromedusae shows that it moves northward from southwest in spring and summer, and it retracts from north to southwestern part of the strait in autumn and winter. The seasonal variation in number of species of hydromedusae may be divided into two types:(i) species occur throughout the year. (ii) species with markedly seasonal variation. There are three dominant species in the survey area, i. e. Liriope tetraphylla, Aglaura hemistoma and Rhopalonema velatum. The former two are of oceanic eurytopic type, the last one is of oceanic steurotopic type. The hydromedusae in investigated area may be divided into three ecological groups, i. e. neritic warm-water, oceanic warm-water and neritic warm-temperal, the former two of which are dominated.
1983, (1): 139-146.
Abstract:
The isolation and enumeration of heterotrophic bacteria from 37 sediment samples of 16 stations in Changjiang Delta and adjacent continental shelf area were studied using the streaking plate method. The 722 isolates from sediment samples were identified in genus lavel. Their physiological and biochemical properties were also examined. We obtained a preliminary correlation between bacteria and sediments.
The isolation and enumeration of heterotrophic bacteria from 37 sediment samples of 16 stations in Changjiang Delta and adjacent continental shelf area were studied using the streaking plate method. The 722 isolates from sediment samples were identified in genus lavel. Their physiological and biochemical properties were also examined. We obtained a preliminary correlation between bacteria and sediments.
1983, (1): 147-154.
Abstract:
From the continental shelf of the East China Sea, we have collected and recorded 157 taxa of planktonic diatoms, of which 57 are tropical species, 20 temperate species, 73 widely distributed species and 7 remain to be further investigated for their habitats. Chaetoceros peruvianus f. robusta, Chaet. setoenis, Rhizosolenia alata f. curvirostris and Triceratium campeachlanum are four species recorded for the first time in China.
The diatoms flora in the present region is mainly warm-water in nature and is very much similar to that in the South China Sea but differs greatly from that in the Huanghai Sea. Gossle-riella tropica (30°00'-32°00'N, 127°20'-128°30'E) and other warm-water floras are present in the waters due to the effect of the Tsushima Warm Current.
From the continental shelf of the East China Sea, we have collected and recorded 157 taxa of planktonic diatoms, of which 57 are tropical species, 20 temperate species, 73 widely distributed species and 7 remain to be further investigated for their habitats. Chaetoceros peruvianus f. robusta, Chaet. setoenis, Rhizosolenia alata f. curvirostris and Triceratium campeachlanum are four species recorded for the first time in China.
The diatoms flora in the present region is mainly warm-water in nature and is very much similar to that in the South China Sea but differs greatly from that in the Huanghai Sea. Gossle-riella tropica (30°00'-32°00'N, 127°20'-128°30'E) and other warm-water floras are present in the waters due to the effect of the Tsushima Warm Current.
1983, (1): 155-164.
Abstract:
The wave period will strongly affect the wave load, and the prevailing method of marine structure design, as adopted nowadays, will not obtain the requisite maximum wave load on structure. This paper presents a new method to determine the design wave that is conditioned by the principle of equal return period by selecting a set of the worst wave height and period which would produce the maximum wave load as a design wave. In this way, not onlythe given design criterion keeps constant but also the design load in the worst case can be obtained.
The wave period will strongly affect the wave load, and the prevailing method of marine structure design, as adopted nowadays, will not obtain the requisite maximum wave load on structure. This paper presents a new method to determine the design wave that is conditioned by the principle of equal return period by selecting a set of the worst wave height and period which would produce the maximum wave load as a design wave. In this way, not onlythe given design criterion keeps constant but also the design load in the worst case can be obtained.
1983, (1): 165-165.
Abstract:
1983, (1): 165-165.
Abstract:
