1986 Vol. 5, No. 1
Display Method:
1986, (1): 1-14.
Abstract:
An analytical solution for the velocity potential of linear waves traveling over sloping beaches is obtained in the present paper, the restriction to the solution, i.e.the cube of bottom slope α being negligible.When the terms of order of α2 are neglected, the solution is the same as that presented by Biesel in 1951[1].When the terms of order of α2 are retained, the wave dispersion relation is corrected.Forthermore, the solution corrected to any higher order of α can be obtained without difficulty by means of the disturbation method given by this paper1).
An analytical solution for the velocity potential of linear waves traveling over sloping beaches is obtained in the present paper, the restriction to the solution, i.e.the cube of bottom slope α being negligible.When the terms of order of α2 are neglected, the solution is the same as that presented by Biesel in 1951[1].When the terms of order of α2 are retained, the wave dispersion relation is corrected.Forthermore, the solution corrected to any higher order of α can be obtained without difficulty by means of the disturbation method given by this paper1).
1986, (1): 15-21.
Abstract:
Based on the non-dimensional general function for the thermal structure features presented by S.A.Kitaigorodsky et al. (1963, 1965)[10, 11].this paper tries to establish semi-empirical and semi-theoretical models bfor the thickness of the upper homogeneous layer of the ocean, thermocline intensity and lower oundary depth of thermocline by consecutive observations from 159 stations in the Bohai Sea, Huanghai Sea and East China Sea in the warm half of the years from 1957 to 1964 and the heat budget at the sea surface computed with the simplified computing formulae proposed by Wang (1983)[22].This model indicates the main factors forming the thermal structure features in the upper layer of the ocean and their function.With the model, one can directly use the sea surface temperature, air temperature and wind speed to compute the thermal feature in the upper layer of the ocean.
Based on the non-dimensional general function for the thermal structure features presented by S.A.Kitaigorodsky et al. (1963, 1965)[10, 11].this paper tries to establish semi-empirical and semi-theoretical models bfor the thickness of the upper homogeneous layer of the ocean, thermocline intensity and lower oundary depth of thermocline by consecutive observations from 159 stations in the Bohai Sea, Huanghai Sea and East China Sea in the warm half of the years from 1957 to 1964 and the heat budget at the sea surface computed with the simplified computing formulae proposed by Wang (1983)[22].This model indicates the main factors forming the thermal structure features in the upper layer of the ocean and their function.With the model, one can directly use the sea surface temperature, air temperature and wind speed to compute the thermal feature in the upper layer of the ocean.
1986, (1): 22-31.
Abstract:
Based on the observational current meter data from two mooring systems located between Chilung and the Pengjiayu Island from July 1980 to July 1981, and other oceanographic observational data in the south of the East China Sea, some problems on the flow of seawater in this area in summer are analysed in this paper.It is considered that a possible passage where the subsurface water of the Kuroshio flows into continental shelf area of the East China Sea is the lower layer of the region between Chilung and the point of 122°30' E, 25°40'N.After passing through this passage, it flows roughly towards northeast along about 100 m isobath.The "Taiwan Warm Current" coming from the Taiwan Strait only passes through the upper layer of this area.The influence of the Taiwan Island on the flow and the eddies in this area are also discussed.
Based on the observational current meter data from two mooring systems located between Chilung and the Pengjiayu Island from July 1980 to July 1981, and other oceanographic observational data in the south of the East China Sea, some problems on the flow of seawater in this area in summer are analysed in this paper.It is considered that a possible passage where the subsurface water of the Kuroshio flows into continental shelf area of the East China Sea is the lower layer of the region between Chilung and the point of 122°30' E, 25°40'N.After passing through this passage, it flows roughly towards northeast along about 100 m isobath.The "Taiwan Warm Current" coming from the Taiwan Strait only passes through the upper layer of this area.The influence of the Taiwan Island on the flow and the eddies in this area are also discussed.
1986, (1): 32-45.
Abstract:
In this paper, the numerical simulation of the latitude position variation of subtropical high ridge line is made by using the two dimensional zonal average models.When the solar radiation heating is considered in the model, the jumping process of the subtropical high ridge takes place during its seasonal northward movement.There would be no such a jumping process if the radiation heating is absent.So, it may be concluded that the basic character of seasonal movement of subtropical high depends mainly on the solar radiation heating.
In this paper, the numerical simulation of the latitude position variation of subtropical high ridge line is made by using the two dimensional zonal average models.When the solar radiation heating is considered in the model, the jumping process of the subtropical high ridge takes place during its seasonal northward movement.There would be no such a jumping process if the radiation heating is absent.So, it may be concluded that the basic character of seasonal movement of subtropical high depends mainly on the solar radiation heating.
1986, (1): 46-56.
Abstract:
In this paper, a two-dimensional five-layer primitive equation (P.E.) model is used for numerical experiment with regard to the monsoon circulation influenced by the atmospheric heat sources and their medium-range oscillation.It is concluded that both the single heating source and the double heating centers can excite a monsoon circulation or a Walker circulation, that the change of vertical heating profile can influence the thickness of the monsoon cell, that the cooling sources over the Arabian Peninsula and the Mid-Pacific play an important role in forming a monsoon circulation, that the heating sources over the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea and its medium-range oscillation are the main mechanism forming the monsoon circulation, and that a strengthened source might intensify a monsoon circulation while reducing its extent, conversely, the results would be opposite, so the effects of the two heat centers interact with each other.
In this paper, a two-dimensional five-layer primitive equation (P.E.) model is used for numerical experiment with regard to the monsoon circulation influenced by the atmospheric heat sources and their medium-range oscillation.It is concluded that both the single heating source and the double heating centers can excite a monsoon circulation or a Walker circulation, that the change of vertical heating profile can influence the thickness of the monsoon cell, that the cooling sources over the Arabian Peninsula and the Mid-Pacific play an important role in forming a monsoon circulation, that the heating sources over the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea and its medium-range oscillation are the main mechanism forming the monsoon circulation, and that a strengthened source might intensify a monsoon circulation while reducing its extent, conversely, the results would be opposite, so the effects of the two heat centers interact with each other.
1986, (1): 57-62.
Abstract:
By analysing the major compounds of river water, it has been found that the water of the Xijiang River is dominated by the weathering products of carbonates, and its hydrochemical character is similar to that of the Changjiang River.Whereas the rivers in Fujian and Eastern Guangdong are characterized by the high contents of dissolved silica and low dissolved salt load, reflecting the typical siliceous rivers.A rough estimate of dissolved salt fluxes to the ocean by these rivers has been obtained.The chemical weathering rate of the Xijiang River basin is 3 times higher than the chemical weathering rates of Fujian and Eastern Guangdong which are close to the average value of rivers in the world.
By analysing the major compounds of river water, it has been found that the water of the Xijiang River is dominated by the weathering products of carbonates, and its hydrochemical character is similar to that of the Changjiang River.Whereas the rivers in Fujian and Eastern Guangdong are characterized by the high contents of dissolved silica and low dissolved salt load, reflecting the typical siliceous rivers.A rough estimate of dissolved salt fluxes to the ocean by these rivers has been obtained.The chemical weathering rate of the Xijiang River basin is 3 times higher than the chemical weathering rates of Fujian and Eastern Guangdong which are close to the average value of rivers in the world.
1986, (1): 63-69.
Abstract:
The average concentration of total Sn in surface layer is 2.90 μg/1 and that of total Bi 0.50 μg/1.The free ion, bound and particulate forms of Sn in Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary account for 20%, 30% and 50% of the total Sn respectively, and those of Bi 25%, 35% and 40% respectively.In the surface water of the Pacific, the total Sn is 2.06 μg/1, and the percentages of the three forms of Sn are 50, 30 and 20% respectively.The total Bi are 0.38 μg/1, and the percentages of the three forms of Bi are 55, 25 and 20% respectively.The concentrations of free ions of Sn and Bi in 0-1400 m and 0-1900 m in 18 and 19 stations are in vertical homogeneous distribution.The slight similarity in distribution between Bi ion and salinity may be due to the influence of organisms and biochemistry.
The average concentration of total Sn in surface layer is 2.90 μg/1 and that of total Bi 0.50 μg/1.The free ion, bound and particulate forms of Sn in Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary account for 20%, 30% and 50% of the total Sn respectively, and those of Bi 25%, 35% and 40% respectively.In the surface water of the Pacific, the total Sn is 2.06 μg/1, and the percentages of the three forms of Sn are 50, 30 and 20% respectively.The total Bi are 0.38 μg/1, and the percentages of the three forms of Bi are 55, 25 and 20% respectively.The concentrations of free ions of Sn and Bi in 0-1400 m and 0-1900 m in 18 and 19 stations are in vertical homogeneous distribution.The slight similarity in distribution between Bi ion and salinity may be due to the influence of organisms and biochemistry.
1986, (1): 70-75.
Abstract:
Authigenic silicate minerals similar to Chamosite were synthesized under laboratory conditions, demonstrating that there may exist a geochemical process of authigenic silicate minerals formation by coagulation, adsorption, structural rearrangement and crystallization from dissolved substances in estuarine and marine environments.This also further confirms our previous geochemical removal pattern of dissolved silica in the estuarine region.Results show that the authigenic silicate minerals is one of the significant sinks of the chemical removal of dissolved silica from seawater.
Authigenic silicate minerals similar to Chamosite were synthesized under laboratory conditions, demonstrating that there may exist a geochemical process of authigenic silicate minerals formation by coagulation, adsorption, structural rearrangement and crystallization from dissolved substances in estuarine and marine environments.This also further confirms our previous geochemical removal pattern of dissolved silica in the estuarine region.Results show that the authigenic silicate minerals is one of the significant sinks of the chemical removal of dissolved silica from seawater.
1986, (1): 76-81.
Abstract:
1.The adsorption action of basic zinc carbonate adsorbent on uranium in natural seawater can be expressed with the following formula of adsorption isotherm:
C=k (U*)n=8.51×10-1 (U*)0.49,
where C is the concentration of uranium on adsorbent; U* is content of uranium in natural seawater employed.
2.when the quantity of basic zinc carbonate adsorbent (T) is constant, with the increase of natural seawater quantity through the adsorption column (G), also increased are the adsorption content of uranium of the adsorbent (U), the concentration of uranium on the adsorbent (C) and the concentration of residual uranium (C0*) in natural seawater after adsorbing uranium, while the rate of recovery of uranium (R) is decreased.With the increase of (G) the coefficient of distribution (Kd) decreases to a certain value and then a little rises again.
1.The adsorption action of basic zinc carbonate adsorbent on uranium in natural seawater can be expressed with the following formula of adsorption isotherm:
C=k (U*)n=8.51×10-1 (U*)0.49,
where C is the concentration of uranium on adsorbent; U* is content of uranium in natural seawater employed.
2.when the quantity of basic zinc carbonate adsorbent (T) is constant, with the increase of natural seawater quantity through the adsorption column (G), also increased are the adsorption content of uranium of the adsorbent (U), the concentration of uranium on the adsorbent (C) and the concentration of residual uranium (C0*) in natural seawater after adsorbing uranium, while the rate of recovery of uranium (R) is decreased.With the increase of (G) the coefficient of distribution (Kd) decreases to a certain value and then a little rises again.
1986, (1): 82-89.
Abstract:
Barrier-lagoon system as one of the important sedimentary units is widely distributed in the coastal zone of China.Along with the postglacial transgression and regression they have been continuously formed and developed with migration of the coastline.This article deals with the formation, distribution, developing direction and criteria for recognition of the barrier-lagoon sedimentary systems, which can be classified into transgressive, regressive and stable ones in China.Based on the examples of barrier-lagoon systems along the coastal zone of China, some views about these systems in foreign literatures are discussed and commented.
Barrier-lagoon system as one of the important sedimentary units is widely distributed in the coastal zone of China.Along with the postglacial transgression and regression they have been continuously formed and developed with migration of the coastline.This article deals with the formation, distribution, developing direction and criteria for recognition of the barrier-lagoon sedimentary systems, which can be classified into transgressive, regressive and stable ones in China.Based on the examples of barrier-lagoon systems along the coastal zone of China, some views about these systems in foreign literatures are discussed and commented.
1986, (1): 90-98.
Abstract:
Through detailed studies of sedimentation taking place in the Western Equatorial Pacific Ocean, much knowledge has been acquired about the lysocline, the compensation depth of carbonate, the components of sediment, the sedimentation period and sedimentation rate of the area.
Through detailed studies of sedimentation taking place in the Western Equatorial Pacific Ocean, much knowledge has been acquired about the lysocline, the compensation depth of carbonate, the components of sediment, the sedimentation period and sedimentation rate of the area.
1986, (1): 99-107.
Abstract:
Calcareous concretions are widely distributed over the shallow sea (the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea) along the coast of China.Both their numerous quantity and vast distribution are all the first on the continental shelf over the world.X-ray diffraction and electron micro-probe analysis show that the authigenic component in the calcareous concretions is calcite.The distributive pattern, mineralogical composition, texture, trace chemical component, and data of carbon-oxygen isotope of the calcareous concretions all prove that the concretions of the area have been formed in a continental environment.
Calcareous concretions are widely distributed over the shallow sea (the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea) along the coast of China.Both their numerous quantity and vast distribution are all the first on the continental shelf over the world.X-ray diffraction and electron micro-probe analysis show that the authigenic component in the calcareous concretions is calcite.The distributive pattern, mineralogical composition, texture, trace chemical component, and data of carbon-oxygen isotope of the calcareous concretions all prove that the concretions of the area have been formed in a continental environment.
1986, (1): 108-117.
Abstract:
This paper reports the season, environmental conditions and pattern of spawning, fecundity and hatching amount of king crab, Trachypleus tridentatus.The egg-diameter of this animal has seasonal variations, which is different from that reported in foreign countries.The egg cleavage of the animal is in the transitional pattern from holoblastic cleavage to surface division.Egg cleavage occurs firstly on one pole with false cleavage furrows, the number of division nucleus increases continuously which move outward from the yolks to form into a layer of blastomere on the surface of the blast together with some of egg plasma.The blastomere formed into the blastoderm and the polygonal cells encircled in this cell layer is equal to the "yolk cells" of insects during the period of egg cleavage.The formation of the periblas-tula is the result of egg cleavage.This paper makes application of the technique of vital staining in exploring the properties of the stained particles.
This paper reports the season, environmental conditions and pattern of spawning, fecundity and hatching amount of king crab, Trachypleus tridentatus.The egg-diameter of this animal has seasonal variations, which is different from that reported in foreign countries.The egg cleavage of the animal is in the transitional pattern from holoblastic cleavage to surface division.Egg cleavage occurs firstly on one pole with false cleavage furrows, the number of division nucleus increases continuously which move outward from the yolks to form into a layer of blastomere on the surface of the blast together with some of egg plasma.The blastomere formed into the blastoderm and the polygonal cells encircled in this cell layer is equal to the "yolk cells" of insects during the period of egg cleavage.The formation of the periblas-tula is the result of egg cleavage.This paper makes application of the technique of vital staining in exploring the properties of the stained particles.
1986, (1): 118-125.
Abstract:
A total of 345 species of planktonic copepods have hitherto been found from the China Seas.Among them, tropical and warm-water species are dominant.The similar pattern of geographical distribution of these species is ascribed to the common influence of the coastal currents, the Kuroshio, and the South China Sea warm current.The number of species of planktonic copepods along the coastal waters of China decreases with increasing latitude, and increases with increasing longitude.The composition of the copepod fauna in the China Seas shows that the Bohai Sea and the northern Huanghai Sea belong to the north temperate zone fauna, that the South China Sea, offshore areas of the East China Sea and the southeastern part of the Taiwan Strait belong to the tropical fauna, and the western part of the Taiwan Strait and the northwestern part of the East China Sea belong to the mixed distribution area of tropical and subtropical fauna.
A total of 345 species of planktonic copepods have hitherto been found from the China Seas.Among them, tropical and warm-water species are dominant.The similar pattern of geographical distribution of these species is ascribed to the common influence of the coastal currents, the Kuroshio, and the South China Sea warm current.The number of species of planktonic copepods along the coastal waters of China decreases with increasing latitude, and increases with increasing longitude.The composition of the copepod fauna in the China Seas shows that the Bohai Sea and the northern Huanghai Sea belong to the north temperate zone fauna, that the South China Sea, offshore areas of the East China Sea and the southeastern part of the Taiwan Strait belong to the tropical fauna, and the western part of the Taiwan Strait and the northwestern part of the East China Sea belong to the mixed distribution area of tropical and subtropical fauna.
1986, (1): 126-133.
Abstract:
The Phoca largha is found in the coastal waters of China from the Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea to the northern part of East China Sea.Its breeding ground is situated in ice packs in the Liaodong Gulf., from about 40°10' to 40°45' N, from 121°15' to 122°E.At the breeding season, male and female seals in pairs form many family groups.The pup is born with white lanugo fur on ice packs in Liaodong Gulf during a period from January to the middle of February, and usually carried by its mother on her back to run away.However, from February to March, it could be caught around some islands in Bohai Strait.In recent years, these species resources have been reduced rapidly.It must be strengthened to protect the seals from extinction.
The Phoca largha is found in the coastal waters of China from the Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea to the northern part of East China Sea.Its breeding ground is situated in ice packs in the Liaodong Gulf., from about 40°10' to 40°45' N, from 121°15' to 122°E.At the breeding season, male and female seals in pairs form many family groups.The pup is born with white lanugo fur on ice packs in Liaodong Gulf during a period from January to the middle of February, and usually carried by its mother on her back to run away.However, from February to March, it could be caught around some islands in Bohai Strait.In recent years, these species resources have been reduced rapidly.It must be strengthened to protect the seals from extinction.
1986, (1): 134-146.
Abstract:
On sand beach, the coastline undergoes evolution behind detached breakwater (reef, island) when waves approach coast in a certain angle.This paper, which provides a scientific basis for plane planning and design of the Friendship Harbour, thoroughly discusses the law and cause of formation of accumulated sand spit formed behind the detached breakwater and the developing procedure of the tombolo's formation.
On sand beach, the coastline undergoes evolution behind detached breakwater (reef, island) when waves approach coast in a certain angle.This paper, which provides a scientific basis for plane planning and design of the Friendship Harbour, thoroughly discusses the law and cause of formation of accumulated sand spit formed behind the detached breakwater and the developing procedure of the tombolo's formation.
1986, (1): 147-147.
Abstract:
