The effect of Typhoon Kalmaegi on the modal energy and period of internal waves near the Dongsha Islands (South China Sea)

Rongwei Zhai; Guiying Chen; Chenjing Shang; Xiaodong Shang; Youren Zheng

doi:10.1007/s13131-023-2205-7

Volume 42 Issue 12

Dec. 2023

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Acta Oceanologica Sinica > 2023 > 42(12): 22-31

Rongwei Zhai, Guiying Chen, Chenjing Shang, Xiaodong Shang, Youren Zheng. The effect of Typhoon Kalmaegi on the modal energy and period of internal waves near the Dongsha Islands (South China Sea)[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2023, 42(12): 22-31. doi: 10.1007/s13131-023-2205-7

Citation:

Rongwei Zhai, Guiying Chen, Chenjing Shang, Xiaodong Shang, Youren Zheng. The effect of Typhoon Kalmaegi on the modal energy and period of internal waves near the Dongsha Islands (South China Sea)[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2023, 42(12): 22-31. doi: 10.1007/s13131-023-2205-7

Citation:

Rongwei Zhai, Guiying Chen, Chenjing Shang, Xiaodong Shang, Youren Zheng. The effect of Typhoon Kalmaegi on the modal energy and period of internal waves near the Dongsha Islands (South China Sea)[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2023, 42(12): 22-31. doi: 10.1007/s13131-023-2205-7

PDF( 3004 KB)

The effect of Typhoon Kalmaegi on the modal energy and period of internal waves near the Dongsha Islands (South China Sea)

doi: 10.1007/s13131-023-2205-7

1.
South China Sea Information Center of State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510310, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510315, China
3.
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

Funds: The National Key Research and Development Program under contract No. 2021YFC3101300; the CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Operational Oceanography under contract No. OOST2021-07; the fund supported by the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) under contract No. SML2021SP102.

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: cjshang@szu.edu.cn; zyr@scs.mnr.gov.cn; zyr@scs.mnr.gov.cn
Received Date: 2022-01-16
Accepted Date: 2022-11-02
Publish Date: 2023-12-01

Abstract

Abstract

The influence of Typhoon Kalmaegi on internal waves near the Dongsha Islands in the northeastern South China Sea was investigated using mooring observation data. We observed, for the first time, that the phenomenon of regular variation characteristics of the 14-d spring-neap cycle of diurnal internal tides (ITs) can be regulated by typhoons. The diurnal ITs lost the regular variation characteristics of the 14-d spring-neap cycle during the typhoon period owing to the weakening of diurnal coherent ITs, represented by O₁ and K₁, and the strengthening of diurnal incoherent ITs. Results of quantitative analysis showed that during the pre-typhoon period, time-averaged modal kinetic energy (sum of Modes 1–5) of near-inertial internal waves (NIWs) and diurnal and semidiurnal ITs were 0.62 kJ/m², 5.66 kJ/m², and 1.48 kJ/m², respectively. However, during the typhoon period, the modal kinetic energy of NIWs increased 5.11 times, mainly due to the increase in high-mode kinetic energy. At the same time, the modal kinetic energy of diurnal and semidiurnal ITs was reduced by 68.9% and 20%, respectively, mainly due to the decrease in low-mode kinetic energy. The significantly reduced diurnal ITs during the typhoon period could be due to: (1) strong nonlinear interaction between diurnal ITs and NIWs, and (2) a higher proportion of high-mode diurnal ITs during the typhoon period, leading to more energy dissipation.
- internal waves,
- spring-neap cycle,
- modal kinetic energy,
- South China Sea

FullText(HTML)

References(35)

References

Alford M H. 2003. Redistribution of energy available for ocean mixing by long-range propagation of internal waves. Nature, 423(6936): 159–162. doi: 10.1038/nature01628

Alford M H. 2008. Observations of parametric subharmonic instability of the diurnal internal tide in the South China Sea. Geophysical Research Letters, 35(15): 596–598. doi: 10.1029/2008gl034720

Davies A M, Xing J X. 2003. On the interaction between internal tides and wind-induced near-inertial currents at the shelf edge. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 108(C3): 3099. doi: 10.1029/2002JC001375

Guan Shoude, Zhao Wei, Huthnance J, et al. 2014. Observed upper ocean response to typhoon Megi (2010) in the Northern South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 119(5): 3134–3157. doi: 10.1002/2013JC009661

Halo I, Backeberg B, Penven P, et al. 2014. Eddy properties in the Mozambique Channel: A comparison between observations and two numerical ocean circulation models. Deep-Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 100: 38–53. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.10.015

Huang Xiaodong, Wang Zhaoyun, Zhang Zhiwei, et al. 2018. Role of mesoscale eddies in modulating the semidiurnal internal tide: observation results in the northern South China Sea. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 48(8): 1749–1770. doi: 10.1175/jpo-d-17-0209.1

Jing Zhao, Wu Lixin, Ma Xiaohui. 2017. Energy exchange between the mesoscale oceanic eddies and wind-forced near-inertial oscillations. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 47(3): 721–733. doi: 10.1175/jpo-d-16-0214.1

Kerry C G, Powell B S, Carter G S. 2014. The impact of subtidal circulation on internal tide generation and propagation in the Philippine Sea. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 44(5): 1386–1405. doi: 10.1175/jpo-d-13-0142.1

Lee I H, Wang Yuhuai, Yang Y, et al. 2012. Temporal variability of internal tides in the northeast South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 117(C2): C02013. doi: 10.1029/2011JC007518

Li Qiang, Mao Xianzhong, Deng Guotong, et al. 2019. Internal tide generation and dissipation by small periodic topography in Deep Ocean. Journal of Ocean University of China, 18(4): 761–770. doi: 10.1007/s11802-019-3966-7

Liang Changrong, Chen Guiying, Shang Xiaodong, et al. 2019. Observation of enhanced nonlinear interactions after severe tropical storm Chanchu (2004) in the Western South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(6): 3837–3848. doi: 10.1029/2018JC014839

Liao Guanghong, Yuan Yaochu, Yang Chenghao, et al. 2012. Current observations of internal tides and parametric subharmonic instability in Luzon Strait. Atmosphere-Ocean, 50(S1): 59–76. doi: 10.1080/07055900.2012.742007

Liu Junliang, He Yinghui, Li Juan, et al. 2018. Cases study of nonlinear interaction between near-inertial waves induced by typhoon and diurnal tides near the Xisha islands. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 123(4): 2768–2784. doi: 10.1029/2017JC013555

Liu Qian, Xie Xiaohui, Shang Xiaodong, et al. 2019. Modal structure and propagation of internal tides in the northeastern South China Sea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 38(9): 12–23. doi: 10.1007/s13131-019-1473-1

McComas C H, Bretherton F P. 1977. Resonant interaction of oceanic internal waves. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82(9): 1397–1412. doi: 10.1029/jc082i009p01397

McComas C H, Müller P. 1981. Time scales of resonant interactions among oceanic internal waves. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 11(2): 139–147. doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1981)011<0139:tsoria>2.0.co;2

Müller P, Holloway G, Henyey F, et al. 1986. Nonlinear interactions among internal gravity waves. Reviews of Geophysics, 24(3): 493–536. doi: 10.1029/rg024i003p00493

Onuki Y, Hibiya T. 2014. Excitation mechanism of near-inertial waves in baroclinic tidal flow caused by parametric subharmonic instability. Ocean Dynamics, 65(1): 107–113. doi: 10.1007/s10236-014-0789-3

Nash J D, Alford M H, Kunze E. 2005. Estimating internal wave energy fluxes in the ocean. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 22(10): 1551–1570. doi: 10.1175/JTECH1784.1

Pawlowicz R, Beardsley B, Lentz S. 2002. Classical tidal harmonic analysis including error estimates in MATLAB using T-TIDE. Computers & Geosciences, 28(8): 929–937. doi: 10.1016/S0098-3004(02)00013-4

Pickering A, Alford M, Nash J, et al. 2015. Structure and variability of internal tides in Luzon Strait. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 45(6): 1574–1594. doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0250.1

Shang Xiaodong, Liu Qian, Xie Xiaohui, et al. 2015. Characteristics and seasonal variability of internal tides in the southern South China Sea. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 98: 43–52. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2014.12.005

Vic C, Garabato A C N, Green J A M, et al. 2019. Deep-ocean mixing driven by small-scale internal tides. Nature Communications, 10(1): 2099. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10149-5

Xie Xiaohui, Chen Guiying, Shang Xiaodong, et al. 2008. Evolution of the semidiurnal (M₂) internal tide on the continental slope of the northern South China Sea. Geophysical Research Letters, 35(13): L13604. doi: 10.1029/2008GL034179

Xie Xiaohui, Liu Qian, Zhao Zhongxiang, et al. 2018. Deep sea currents driven by breaking internal tides on the continental slope. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(12): 6160–6166. doi: 10.1029/2018GL078372

Xie Xiaohui, Shang Xiaodong, van Haren H, et al. 2011. Observations of parametric subharmonic instability-induced near-inertial waves equatorward of the critical diurnal latitude. Geophysical Research Letters, 38(5): L05603. doi: 10.1029/2010GL046521

Xie Xiaohui, Shang Xiaodong, van Haren H, et al. 2013. Observations of enhanced nonlinear instability in the surface reflection of internal tides. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(8): 1580–1586. doi: 10.1002/grl.50322

Xie Xiaohui, Shang Xiaodong, Chen Guiying, et al. 2009. Variations of diurnal and inertial spectral peaks near the bi-diurnal critical latitude. Geophysical Research Letters, 36(2): L02606. doi: 10.1029/2008GL036383

Xing Jiuxing, Davies A M. 2002. Processes influencing the non-linear interaction between inertial oscillations, near inertial internal waves and internal tides. Geophysical Research Letters, 29(5): 1067. doi: 10.1029/2001GL014199

Xu Zhenhua, Wang Yang, Liu Zhiqiang, et al. 2021. Insight into the dynamics of the radiating internal tide associated with the Kuroshio current. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 126(6): e2020JC017018. doi: 10.1029/2020JC017018

Xu Zhenhua, Yin Baoshu, Hou Yijun, et al. 2013. Variability of internal tides and near-inertial waves on the continental slope of the northwestern South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 118(1): 197–211. doi: 10.1029/2012jc008212

Xu Zhenhua, Yin Baoshu, Hou Yijun, et al. 2014. Seasonal variability and north-south asymmetry of internal tides in the deep basin west of the Luzon Strait. Journal of Marine Systems, 134: 101–112. doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.03.002

Yu Lusha, Bosse A, Fer I, et al. 2017. The Lofoten Basin eddy: three years of evolution as observed by Seagliders. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 122(8): 6814–6834. doi: 10.1002/2017jc012982

Zhai Rongwei, Chen Guiying, Liang Changrong, et al. 2020. The influence of ENSO on the structure of internal tides in the Xisha area. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 125(3): e2019JC015405. doi: 10.1029/2019JC015405

Zhao Zhongxiang, Alford M H, MacKinnon J A, et al. 2010. Long-range propagation of the semidiurnal internal tide from the Hawaiian Ridge. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 40(4): 713–736. doi: 10.1175/2009JPO4207.1

Relative Articles

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Proportional views