Spatiotemporal distribution patterns of macrobenthic communities and their relationship with environmental factors in the Shengsi Archipelago (Zhejiang, China)

Lingxiang Jin; Yibo Liao; Peisong Yu; Yanbin Tang; Qinghe Liu; Rongliang Zhang; Lu Shou; Jiangning Zeng; Quanzhen Chen

doi:10.1007/s13131-024-2303-1

doi: 10.1007/s13131-024-2303-1

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Spatiotemporal distribution patterns of macrobenthic communities and their relationship with environmental factors in the Shengsi Archipelago (Zhejiang, China)

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Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
3.
Laboratory of Nearshore Engineering Environment and Ecological Security of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China

Funds: The Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, China under contract Nos SZ2302 and JG2209.

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Corresponding author: liaoyb@sio.org.cn

摘要

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Abstract: Macrobenthic organisms are commonly employed as biomonitors for environmental risk assessment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic community, which is influenced by environmental factors of sediments and bottom water layer. We sampled a total of 12, 11, 10, and 11 stations in the Shengsi Archipelago during June 2010, August 2010, November 2020, and April 2021 respectively. A total of 124 species of macrobenthos were identified, with polychaetes being the dominant group. The abundance, biomass, and diversity indices exhibited no significant temporal differences. Similarly, biodiversity did not exhibit a clear spatial gradient, likely due to the small study area and the absence of significant differences in key factors such as depth. However, the stations with the lowest biodiversity values consistently appeared in the southwest region, possibly due to the impact of human activities. Significant differences in the macrobenthic community were observed between all months except between June and August, and mollusk Endopleura lubrica and polychaete Sigambra hanaokai were important contributors to these differences according to the results of the Similarity Percentages analysis. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) was identified as the primary driving factors of macrobenthic variability. In summary, the community structure underwent temporal changes influenced by complex current patterns, while biodiversity remained relatively stable. This study contributes to our understanding of the key environmental factors affecting macrobenthic communities and biodiversity. It also provides valuable data support for the long-term monitoring of macrobenthos and the environment in the Shengsi Archipelago.
- macrobenthic community /
- Shengsi Archipelago /
- distribution pattern /
- biodiversity /
- environmental factor

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Figure 1. Map of the distribution of the sampling stations in Shengsi Archipelago. The image labeled the identification numbers for the sampling stations, where Jun, Aug, Nov, and Apr represent different sampling times (June 2010, August 2010, November 2020, and April 2021, respectively).

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Figure 2. Species richness (S) and their assemblage composition in Shengsi Archipelago. a. Macrobenthic assemblage composition in general. b. Temporal variation in macrobenthos diversity and assemblage composition. The 'others' category classification includes nemerteans, echiurans, and fish. Jun, Aug, Nov, and Apr represent different sampling times (June 2010, August 2010, November 2020 and April 2021, respectively).

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Figure 3. Temporal changes in the average abundance (a), biomass (b), and their composition in the Shengsi Archipelago. Jun, Aug, Nov, and Apr represent different sampling times (June 2010, August 2010, November 2020, and April 2021, respectively).

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Figure 4. Temporal variation in diversity indices of microbenthic community in the Shengsi Archipelago. Jun, Aug, Nov, and Apr represent different sampling times (June 2010, August 2010, November 2020, and April 2021, respectively). d, H' and J represent the Margalef richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Pielou evenness index, respectively. Different letters (a, b) indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in these indices between different months.

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Figure 5. CCA Analysis Results for community-environment correlation. The abundance of dominant species in the stations of Jun11, Aug02, Aug05 and Aug11 was 0. Therefore, these stations were omitted from the analysis. The abbreviations in the figure were formed using the first three letters of the genus name and the first two letters of the specific epithet. Polychaete Sternaspis chinensis is abbreviated as STECH, polychaete Aglaophamus dibranchis as AGLDI, mollusk Eocylichna braunsi as EOCBR, mollusk Endopleura lubrica as ENDLU, polychaete Tharyx multifilis as THAMU, polychaete Nephtys oligobranchia as NEPOL, polychaete Sigambra hanaokai as SIGHA, polychaete Prionospio sp. as PRISP, polychaete Mediomastus sp. as MEDSP, crustacean Eriopisella sechellensis as ERISE, echinoderm Amphiura vadicola as AMPVA, polychaete Heteromastus filiformis as HETFI, and polychaete Lumbrineris japonica as LUMJA.

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Table 1. Temporal variations of environmental variables in the waters of Shengsi Archipelago

Environmental Variables	June	August	November	April
Hg/mg·kg^–1	0.020 (0.001) ^a	0.020 (0.001) ^a	0.077 (0.014) ^b	No data
Pb/mg·kg^–1	25.4 (0.6) ^a	24.7 (0.6) ^a	19.9 (0.4) ^b	No data
As/mg·kg^–1	5.5 (0.1) ^a	5.6 (0.2) ^a	9.5 (0.6) ^b	No data
D/um	9.8 (0.4) ^a	12.7 (0.8) ^b	11.6 (0.7) ^ab	No data
Depth/m	13.2 (1.8) ^a	17.5 (6.0) ^a	13.3 (1.9) ^a	13.7 (2.7) ^a
Temperature/℃	19.4 (0.1) ^a	25.1 (0.3) ^b	20.2 (0.1) ^c	16.3 (0.2) ^d
Salinity/‰	20.6 (0.8) ^a	21.9 (0.7) ^a	27.2 (0.7) ^b	28.3 (0.7) ^b
SPM/mg·L^–1	40 (15) ^a	18 (2) ^a	235 (43) ^b	604 (90) ^c
Chl a/μg·L^–1	3.23 (0.77) ^a	15.61 (4.01) ^b	No data	No data
The standard error for each value is indicated in brackets. Superscripts (a, b, c, d) are used to indicate whether there is a significant difference in the environmental variables among different months. Superscripts with the same letter indicate non-significant differences (p > 0.05), whereas different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

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Table 2. Temporal variation in the average abundance of dominant species in Shengsi Archipelago

Dominant Species	June	August	November	April
Aglaophamus dibranchis/ind.·m^–²	6.7 (3.1)*	8.2 (4.2)*	0	0
Sternaspis chinensis/ind.·m^–²	23.8 (7.9)*	14.5 (5.8)*	8.0 (2.7)*	9.1 (3.4)*
Eocylichna braunsi/ind.·m^–²	5.8 (2.2)*	6.4 (3.2)	0.5 (0.5)	0.5 (0.5)
Endopleura lubrica/ind.·m^–²	2.9 (1.1)	79.1 (54.2)*	0	0
Tharyx multifilis/ind.·m^–²	0	0	11 (3.4)*	0
Nephtys oligobranchia/ind.·m^–²	0	0	10.5 (3.7)*	5.9 (2.5)*
Sigambra hanaokai/ind.·m^–²	0	0	29.5 (7.3)*	0.9 (0.6)
Prionospio sp. /ind.·m^–²	0	0	14.0 (4.8)*	0
Mediomastus sp./ind.·m^–²	0	0	12.0 (5.6)*	0
Eriopisella sechellensis/ind.·m^–²	0	0	10.0 (5.8)*	0
Amphiura vadicola/ind.·m^–²	4.5 (1.8)	4.1 (2.4)	19.0 (15.8)*	8.6 (3.1)*
Lumbrineris japonica/ind.·m^–²	0	0	0	4.5 (1.6)*
Dentinephtys glabra/ind.·m^–²	0	0	0	9.5 (4.4)*
Heteromastus filiformis/ind.·m^–²	0.8 (0.8)	0	0	11.8 (5.7)*
The standard error for each value is indicated in brackets. The dominant species in the corresponding month are marked with *.

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Table 3. Average dissimilarity and ANOSIM analysis results of macrobenthic communities in the Shengsi Archipelago between different months

Groups	Average dissimilarity (%)	R	p value
Jun&Aug	83.37	−0.003	0.468
Jun&Nov	93.68	0.658	0.001^***
Jun&Apr	90.54	0.401	0.001^***
Aug&Nov	95.29	0.660	0.001^***
Aug&Apr	93.03	0.456	0.001^***
Nov&Apr	88.48	0.662	0.001^***
Jun, Aug, Nov, and Apr represent different sampling times (June 2010, August 2010, November 2020, and April 2021, respectively). p < 0.05 (significantly different); p < 0.01 (very significant); **p < 0.001 (extremely significant).

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Table 4. SIMPER analysis results: key differentiating species and their contribution rates

Key differentiating species	Jun&Aug	Jun&Nov	Jun&Apr	Aug&Nov	Aug&Apr	Nov&Apr
Endopleura lubrica/%	9.7	1.91	2.48	7.31	9.07	0
Sternaspis chinensis/%	7.68	5.75	7.5	4.56	5.91	4.03
Amphiura vadicola/%	4.39	4.31	5.17	4.21	5.07	5.56
Heteromastus filiformis/%	0.4	0.32	5.44	0	5.03	4.44
Sigambra hanaokai/%	0	9.05	0.77	8.55	0.72	9.06
Prionospio sp./%	0	4.93	0	4.68	0	5.3
Tharyx multifilis/%	0	4.79	0	4.52	0	5.14
Only species with contributions ≥ 4% in any given month are listed. Jun, Aug, Nov, and Apr represent different sampling times (June 2010, August 2010, November 2020, and April 2021, respectively).

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doi: 10.1007/s13131-024-2303-1

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Spatiotemporal distribution patterns of macrobenthic communities and their relationship with environmental factors in the Shengsi Archipelago (Zhejiang, China)

Corresponding author: liaoyb@sio.org.cn

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