El Niño/Southern Oscillation during the 4.2 ka event recorded by growth rates of corals from the North South China Sea

Shaohua Dang; Kefu Yu; Shichen Tao; Tao Han; Huiling Zhang; Wei Jiang

doi:10.1007/s13131-019-1520-5

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Shaohua Dang, Kefu Yu, Shichen Tao, Tao Han, Huiling Zhang, Wei Jiang. El Niño/Southern Oscillation during the 4.2 ka event recorded by growth rates of corals from the North South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2020, 39(1): 110-117. doi: 10.1007/s13131-019-1520-5

Citation:

Shaohua Dang, Kefu Yu, Shichen Tao, Tao Han, Huiling Zhang, Wei Jiang. El Niño/Southern Oscillation during the 4.2 ka event recorded by growth rates of corals from the North South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2020, 39(1): 110-117. doi: 10.1007/s13131-019-1520-5

Citation:

Shaohua Dang, Kefu Yu, Shichen Tao, Tao Han, Huiling Zhang, Wei Jiang. El Niño/Southern Oscillation during the 4.2 ka event recorded by growth rates of corals from the North South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2020, 39(1): 110-117. doi: 10.1007/s13131-019-1520-5

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El Niño/Southern Oscillation during the 4.2 ka event recorded by growth rates of corals from the North South China Sea

doi: 10.1007/s13131-019-1520-5

Shaohua Dang^{1, 2, 3},
Kefu Yu^{1, 2, 3
,
,},
Shichen Tao⁴,
Tao Han⁴,
Huiling Zhang⁵,
Wei Jiang^{1, 2, 3}

1.
Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
2.
Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
3.
School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
4.
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
5.
College of Ocean Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 91428203; the Guangxi Scientific Projects under contract Nos AD17129063 and AA17204074; the Bagui Fellowship from Guangxi of China.

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: kefuyu@scsio.ac.cn
Received Date: 2019-05-16
Accepted Date: 2019-09-16

Available Online: 2020-04-21

Publish Date: 2020-01-20

Abstract

Abstract

The 4.2 ka event that occurred during the period from 4 500–3 900 a BP was characterized by cold and dry climates and resulted in the collapse of civilizations around the world. The cause of this climatic event, however, has been under debate. We collected four corals (Porites lutea) from Yongxing Island, Xisha Islands, South China Sea, dated them with the U-series method, and measured the annual coral growth rates using X-ray technology. The dating results showed that the coral growth ages were from 4 500–3 900 a BP, which coincide well with the period of the 4.2 ka event. We then reconstructed annual sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) variations based on the coral growth rates. The growth rate-based SSTA results showed that the interdecadal SSTA from 4 500–3 900 a BP was lower than that during modern times (1961–2008 AD). A spectral analysis showed that the SSTA variations from 4 500–3 900 a BP were under the influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activities. From 4 500–4 100 a BP, the climate exhibited La Niña-like conditions with weak ENSO intensity and relatively stable and lower SSTA amplitudes. From 4 100–3 900 a BP, the climate underwent a complicated period of ENSO variability and showed alternating El Niño- or La Niña-like conditions at interdecadal time scales and large SSTA amplitudes. We speculate that during the early and middle stages of the 4.2 ka event, the cold climate caused by weak ENSO activities largely weakened social productivity. Then, during the end stages of the 4.2 ka event, the repeated fluctuations in the ENSO intensity caused frequent extreme weather events, resulting in the collapse of civilizations worldwide. Thus, the new evidence obtained from our coral records suggests that the 4.2 ka event as well as the related collapse of civilizations were very likely driven by ENSO variability.
- 4.2 ka event,
- ENSO variability,
- SSTA,
- coral growth rate,
- Xisha Islands

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References(69)

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