A new electroplated Ir/Ir(OH)<i><sub>x</sub></i> pH electrode and its application in the coastal areas of Newport Harbor, California

ZHANG Xiao; YE Ying; KAN Yating; HUANG Yuanfeng; JIA Jianjun; ZHAO Yue; CHEN Chen-Tung Arthur; QIN Huawei

doi:10.1007/s13131-017-1064-5

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Acta Oceanologica Sinica > 2017 > 36(5): 99-104

ZHANG Xiao, YE Ying, KAN Yating, HUANG Yuanfeng, JIA Jianjun, ZHAO Yue, CHEN Chen-Tung Arthur, QIN Huawei. A new electroplated Ir/Ir(OH)x pH electrode and its application in the coastal areas of Newport Harbor, California[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2017, 36(5): 99-104. doi: 10.1007/s13131-017-1064-5

Citation:

ZHANG Xiao, YE Ying, KAN Yating, HUANG Yuanfeng, JIA Jianjun, ZHAO Yue, CHEN Chen-Tung Arthur, QIN Huawei. A new electroplated Ir/Ir(OH)_x pH electrode and its application in the coastal areas of Newport Harbor, California[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2017, 36(5): 99-104. doi: 10.1007/s13131-017-1064-5

Citation:

PDF( 2140 KB)

A new electroplated Ir/Ir(OH)_x pH electrode and its application in the coastal areas of Newport Harbor, California

doi: 10.1007/s13131-017-1064-5

1.
Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, China
2.
Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, China;Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, China
3.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China

Received Date: 2016-03-07

Abstract

Abstract

Resulting from the rising levels of atmospheric carbon, ocean acidification has become a global problem. It has significant impacts on the development, survival, growth and physiology of marine organisms. Therefore, a high-precision sensor is urgently needed to measure the pH of sea-water. Iridium wire with a diameter of 0.25 mm is used as the substrate, and an Ir/Ir(OH)_x pH electrode is prepared by a one-step electrochemical method in a LiOH solution at the room temperature. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation reveals that it is coated with nanoscale particles. In laboratory tests, the electrode exhibits a very promising pH response, with an ideal Nernst slope (56.14-59.52), fast response, good stability and long life-span in tested pH buffer solutions. For a sea trial, four pH electrodes and one Ag/AgCl reference electrode are integrated with a self-made chemical sensor, and a profile detection of nearly 70 m is implemented near Newport Harbor, California on August 3, 2015. The results reflect that the pH value measured by the sensor is very close to the data given by Sea-Bird 911 plus CTD, with a difference value ranging from 0.000 075 to 0.064 719. And the sensor shows a better data matching degree in 0-40 m water depth. In addition, the high precision and accuracy of the sensor make it possible to use in the ocean observation field.
- Ir/Ir(OH)(OH)_x electrode,
- pH value,
- electroplating,
- Newport Harbor

FullText(HTML)

References(36)

References

Ardizzone S, Carugati A, Trasatti S. 1981. Properties of thermally prepared iridium dioxide electrodes. J Electroanal Chem Interfacial Electrochem, 126(1-3):287-292

Bates R G, Erickson W P. 1986. Thermodynamics of the dissociation of 2-aminopyridinium ion in synthetic seawater and a standard for pH in marine systems. J Solution Chem, 15(11):891-901

Baur J E, Spaine T W. 1998. Electrochemical deposition of iridium (IV) oxide from alkaline solutions of iridium(Ⅲ) oxide. J Electroanal Chem, 443(2):208-216

Burke L D, Whelan D P. 1984. A voltammetric investigation of the charge storage reactions of hydrous iridium oxide layers. J Electroanal Chem Interfacial Electrochem, 162(1-2):121-141

Chen Dongchu, Li Wenfang, Huang Jinying. 2007. Preparation of a tungsten oxide pH electrochemical sensor based on solid Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Chin J Sens Actuators, 20(7):1483-1487

Cheng Changming, Tian Xianqing, Guo Yong, et al. 2011. Large enhancement of sensitivity and a wider working range of glass pH electrode with amperometric and potentiometric responses. Electrochim Acta, 56(27):9883-9886

Da Silva G M, Lemos S G, Pocrifka L A, et al. 2008. Development of low-cost metal oxide pH electrodes based on the polymeric precursor method. Anal Chim Acta, 616(1):36-41

Das S, Mangwani N. 2015. Ocean acidification and marine microorganisms:responses and consequences. Oceanologia, 57(4):349-361

Dickson A G. 1993a. pH buffers for sea water media based on the total hydrogen ion concentration scale. Deep-Sea Res:Part I. Oceanogr Res Pap, 40(1):107-118

Dickson A G. 1993b. The measurement of sea water pH. Mar Chem, 44(2-4):131-142

Ding Qian, Pan Yiwen, Huang Yuanfeng, et al. 2015. The optimization of Ag/Ag₂S electrode using carrier electroplating of nano silver particles and its preliminary application to offshore Kueishan Tao, Taiwan. Cont Shelf Res, 111:262-267

Feely R A, Sabine C L, Lee K, et al. 2004. Impact of anthropogenic CO₂ on the CaCO₃ system in the oceans. Science, 305(5682):362-366

Fog A, Buck R P. 1984. Electronic semiconducting oxides as pH sensors. Sens Actuators, 5(2):137-146

Gimmel P, Gompf B, Schmeisser D, et al. 1989. Ta₂O₅-gates of pH-sensitive devices:comparative spectroscopic and electrical studies. Sens Actuators, 17(1-2):195-202

Han Chenhua, Pan Yiwen, Ye Ying. 2009. CO₂ microelectrode based on Zn-Al-LDH-ion carrier and its characterization. J Trop Oceanogr (in Chinese), 28(4):35-41

He Shichang, Zhang Yuanhui, Chen Liqi, et al. 2014. Advances in the studies of ocean acidification. Mar Sci (in Chinese), 38(6):85-93

Huang Wending, Cao H, Deb S, et al. 2011. A flexible pH sensor based on the iridium oxide sensing film. Sens Actuators:A. Phys, 169(1):1-11

Huang Yuanfeng, Li Jun, Yin Tianya, et al. 2015. A novel all-solid-state ammonium electrode with polyaniline and copolymer of aniline/2, 5-dimethoxyaniline as transducers. J Electroanal Chem, 741:87-92

Huang Xiaoyan, Liu Bo, Li Xue. 2005. Applications of titanium alloys in warship building. Southern Met (in Chinese), (6):10-11, 33

Kim T Y, Yang S. 2014. Fabrication method and characterization of electrodeposited and heat-treated iridium oxide films for pH sensing. Sens Actuators:B. Chem, 196:31-38

Kreider K G, Tarlov M J, Cline J P. 1995. Sputtered thin-film pH electrodes of platinum, palladium, ruthenium, and iridium oxides. Sens Actuators:B. Chem, 28(3):167-172

Kuo Limin, Chou Y C, Chen Kuanneng, et al. 2014. A precise pH microsensor using RF-sputtering IrO₂ and Ta₂O₅ films on Pt-electrode. Sens Actuators:B. Chem, 193:687-691

Maurya D K, Sardarinejad A, Alameh K. 2013. High-sensitivity pH sensor employing a sub-micron ruthenium oxide thin-film in conjunction with a thick reference electrode. Sens Actuators:A. Phys, 203:300-303

McLaughlin K, Ahn J H, Litton R M, et al. 2007. Use of salinity mixing models to estimate the contribution of creek water fecal indicator bacteria to an estuarine environment:Newport Bay, California. Water Res, 41(16):3595-3604

Olthuis W, Robben M A M, Bergveld P, et al. 1990. pH sensor properties of electrochemically grown iridium oxide. Sens Actuators:B. Chem, 2(4):247-256

Pan Yiwen, Seyfried W E Jr. 2008. Experimental and theoretical constraints on pH measurements with an iridium oxide electrode in aqueous fluids from 25 to 175°C and 25 MPa. J Solution Chem, 37(8):1051-1062

Prats-Alfonso E, Abad L, Casañ-Pastor N, et al. 2013. Iridium oxide pH sensor for biomedical applications. Case urea-urease in real urine samples. Biosens Bioelectron, 39(1):163-169

Steegstra P, Ahlberg E. 2012. Influence of oxidation state on the pH dependence of hydrous iridium oxide films. Electrochim Acta, 76:26-33

Tarlov M J, Semancik S, Kreider K G. 1990. Mechanistic and response studies of iridium oxide pH sensors. Sens Actuators:B. Chem, 1(1-6):293-297

Wang Siru, Yin Kedong, Cai Weijun, et al. 2012. Advances in studies of ecological effects of ocean acidification. Acta Ecol Sinica (in Chinese), 32(18):5859-5869

Whitfield M, Butler R A, Covington A K. 1985. The determination of pH in estuarine waters I. Definition of pH scales and the selection of buffers. Oceanol Acta, 8(4):423-432

Xie Zhong, Liu Yexiang. 1998. Reference electrode for electrochemical studies in fused chloride. Chin J Nonferrous Met (in Chinese), 8(4):668-672

Xu Bin, Zhang Weide. 2010. Modification of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes with RuO₂ for a solid-state pH sensor. Electrochim Acta, 55(8):2859-2864

Yamamoto K, Shi Guoyue, Zhou Tianshu, et al. 2003. Solid-state pH ultramicrosensor based on a tungstic oxide film fabricated on a tungsten nanoelectrode and its application to the study of endothelial cells. Anal Chim Acta, 480(1):109-117

Yao Sheng, Wang Min, Madou M. 2001. A pH electrode based on melt-oxidized iridium oxide. J Electrochem Soc, 148(4):H29-H36

Zhao Rongrong, Xu Meizhu, Wang Jian, et al. 2010. A pH sensor based on the TiO₂ nanotube array modified Ti electrode. Electrochim Acta, 55(20):5647-5651

Relative Articles

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Proportional views