1991 Vol. 10, No. 1
Display Method:
1991, (1): 1-13.
Abstract:
The structure of current speed and the variability of volume transports of the Kuroshio in the Tokara-kaikyō and Ōsumi-kaikyō are discussed on the basis of data of KER in the period from 1977 to 1984.The average geostrophic transport through these two straits is estimated to be 24.5×106 m3/s and only 1/12 of the transport is through the Ōsumi-kaikyō.Countercurrents on both sides of the Kuroshio trunk are observed in the Tokara-kaikyō.Calculation indicates that the average geostrophic current speed is less than the GEK current speed,systematically.On the basis of the current measurements,the northward transports through the Taiwan Strait in winter and summer are estimated to be 1.05×106and 3.16×106m3/s,respectively.From Chu's data (1976) the average transport of the Kuroshio flowing into the East China Sea passing through the passage east of Taiwan is about 29.3×106m3/s.From Miita and Ogawa's data (1984) the average transport through the Tsushima-kaikyō is 3.6×106m3/s.
The structure of current speed and the variability of volume transports of the Kuroshio in the Tokara-kaikyō and Ōsumi-kaikyō are discussed on the basis of data of KER in the period from 1977 to 1984.The average geostrophic transport through these two straits is estimated to be 24.5×106 m3/s and only 1/12 of the transport is through the Ōsumi-kaikyō.Countercurrents on both sides of the Kuroshio trunk are observed in the Tokara-kaikyō.Calculation indicates that the average geostrophic current speed is less than the GEK current speed,systematically.On the basis of the current measurements,the northward transports through the Taiwan Strait in winter and summer are estimated to be 1.05×106and 3.16×106m3/s,respectively.From Chu's data (1976) the average transport of the Kuroshio flowing into the East China Sea passing through the passage east of Taiwan is about 29.3×106m3/s.From Miita and Ogawa's data (1984) the average transport through the Tsushima-kaikyō is 3.6×106m3/s.
1991, (1): 15-35.
Abstract:
The tidal current is generally predominant in China's offshore areas.The vertical structure of the observedtidal current is quite complicated with the presence of seasonal thermocline.The observed tidal current may be divided into two parts,an averaged barotropic tide current and a variation tide current.A method for studying the vertical structure of tidal current is developed from the constitution and distribution of energy,and the vertical structure of the observed tide current in the North Huanghai Sea is studied on the basis of the method.The result shows that the reason why the energy of the tidal current is concentrated on the neighbourhood of the thermocline mainly lies in the internal tides i under certain conditions,the fact that the direction of the internal tide current above the thermocline is opposite to the one below the thermocline will be able to cause the rotary directions of the observed tidal current above and below the thermocline to be in opposite.
The tidal current is generally predominant in China's offshore areas.The vertical structure of the observedtidal current is quite complicated with the presence of seasonal thermocline.The observed tidal current may be divided into two parts,an averaged barotropic tide current and a variation tide current.A method for studying the vertical structure of tidal current is developed from the constitution and distribution of energy,and the vertical structure of the observed tide current in the North Huanghai Sea is studied on the basis of the method.The result shows that the reason why the energy of the tidal current is concentrated on the neighbourhood of the thermocline mainly lies in the internal tides i under certain conditions,the fact that the direction of the internal tide current above the thermocline is opposite to the one below the thermocline will be able to cause the rotary directions of the observed tidal current above and below the thermocline to be in opposite.
1991, (1): 37-45.
Abstract:
Surface distribution and seasonal variation of alkalinity and specific alkalinity in Kuroshio area of the East ChinaSea and their application to the water mass tracing are discussed in this paper.Results show a distinct seasonal variation of the alkalinity,which is concerned with the process of vertical mixing.Different specific alkalinity in various water masses has been found.On the basis of the difference of the specific alkalinity and the distribution of alkalinity,two water fronts in summer season,located at 27°-30°N and 124°-1 27°E, (Ⅰ),and at the northern waters about one latitude from the Taiwan Island, (Ⅱ); one in winter season at about one longitude from coast of mainland of China and 26°-30°N were found.In summer season,about 1-2 longitudes eastward shift of front (Ⅰ) is found by comparison of data in May and August.And the high alkalinity of the northern East China Sea in summer season may be caused by the Huanghe River runoff flowing southward along with the Huanghai Sea Coastal Current.
Surface distribution and seasonal variation of alkalinity and specific alkalinity in Kuroshio area of the East ChinaSea and their application to the water mass tracing are discussed in this paper.Results show a distinct seasonal variation of the alkalinity,which is concerned with the process of vertical mixing.Different specific alkalinity in various water masses has been found.On the basis of the difference of the specific alkalinity and the distribution of alkalinity,two water fronts in summer season,located at 27°-30°N and 124°-1 27°E, (Ⅰ),and at the northern waters about one latitude from the Taiwan Island, (Ⅱ); one in winter season at about one longitude from coast of mainland of China and 26°-30°N were found.In summer season,about 1-2 longitudes eastward shift of front (Ⅰ) is found by comparison of data in May and August.And the high alkalinity of the northern East China Sea in summer season may be caused by the Huanghe River runoff flowing southward along with the Huanghai Sea Coastal Current.
1991, (1): 47-71.
Abstract:
To investigate the life cycle of marine sulfate aerosols,chemicophysical characteristics of marine aerosolswere measured during five cruises in the Pacific Ocean.Dimethyl sulfide concentrations in seawater and in the air were also measured.The geographic variation of sulfate-aerosol concentrations was studied in relation to biogenic and anthropogenic sources,transport with air trajectories,and chemical transformations in the atmosphere.The highest concentrations were found near Asian and American ports,indicating anthropogenic pollution is the major sulfate aerosols source.Higher concentrations were observed in the upwelling regions than in the oligotrophic areas.Along the coastal regions,both mass and number concentrations of sulfate aerosols depended on wind direction and wind speed,and land-breeze and sea-breeze oscillations; no clear diurnal variation was detected.In pelagic areas,along the equator,the concentrations of small sulfate particles showed a maximum in the afternoon and the minimum at night.
To investigate the life cycle of marine sulfate aerosols,chemicophysical characteristics of marine aerosolswere measured during five cruises in the Pacific Ocean.Dimethyl sulfide concentrations in seawater and in the air were also measured.The geographic variation of sulfate-aerosol concentrations was studied in relation to biogenic and anthropogenic sources,transport with air trajectories,and chemical transformations in the atmosphere.The highest concentrations were found near Asian and American ports,indicating anthropogenic pollution is the major sulfate aerosols source.Higher concentrations were observed in the upwelling regions than in the oligotrophic areas.Along the coastal regions,both mass and number concentrations of sulfate aerosols depended on wind direction and wind speed,and land-breeze and sea-breeze oscillations; no clear diurnal variation was detected.In pelagic areas,along the equator,the concentrations of small sulfate particles showed a maximum in the afternoon and the minimum at night.
1991, (1): 73-82.
Abstract:
On the basis,of the surface heat fluxes of the Kuroshio key-area (26°-30°N,125°-30°E)in March andApril,the climatologicai influence of the Kuroshio heat fluxes on meiyu rainfall in the Changjiang River (Yangtse River) region are studied.The results are concluded as follows;the surface heat fluxes of the Kuroshio key-area have certain influence on meiyu rainfall in the Changjiang River region during June and July.The correctness rates for the five stations in the Changjing River region (i.e.Wuhan,Jiujiang,Anqing,Nanjing and Shanghai)are in the range of 9/20-13/20.The surface heat fluxes influence mainly on the homogeneous rainfall pattern,the correctness rates come to 7/10-8/10 for the lower valley of the Changjiang River.The estimation expression of the meiyu rainfall for Shanghai consisting of the surface heat flux and the sea surface temperature anomaly of the Kuroshio key area agrees well with the actual meiyu rainfall condition.
On the basis,of the surface heat fluxes of the Kuroshio key-area (26°-30°N,125°-30°E)in March andApril,the climatologicai influence of the Kuroshio heat fluxes on meiyu rainfall in the Changjiang River (Yangtse River) region are studied.The results are concluded as follows;the surface heat fluxes of the Kuroshio key-area have certain influence on meiyu rainfall in the Changjiang River region during June and July.The correctness rates for the five stations in the Changjing River region (i.e.Wuhan,Jiujiang,Anqing,Nanjing and Shanghai)are in the range of 9/20-13/20.The surface heat fluxes influence mainly on the homogeneous rainfall pattern,the correctness rates come to 7/10-8/10 for the lower valley of the Changjiang River.The estimation expression of the meiyu rainfall for Shanghai consisting of the surface heat flux and the sea surface temperature anomaly of the Kuroshio key area agrees well with the actual meiyu rainfall condition.
1991, (1): 83-92.
Abstract:
This is second paper summarizing the study on the hydrous titanium oxide absorbent for extracting uranium fromseawater.The investigation is performed by means of X-ray photoelectronic energy spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA),determination of surface hydroxy radical,Fourier-transfer infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR),electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR),inductively coupled Plasma torch (ICP),etc.The emphasis is laid upon the exploration of HTO surface and a discussion about the adsorption micromechanism.
This is second paper summarizing the study on the hydrous titanium oxide absorbent for extracting uranium fromseawater.The investigation is performed by means of X-ray photoelectronic energy spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA),determination of surface hydroxy radical,Fourier-transfer infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR),electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR),inductively coupled Plasma torch (ICP),etc.The emphasis is laid upon the exploration of HTO surface and a discussion about the adsorption micromechanism.
1991, (1): 93-105.
Abstract:
The distribution of ostracods and benthonic foraminifers in the China sea area is briefly reviewed from the paleobio-geographic viewpoint in this paper.Three regions can be distinguished in the area on the basis of modern distribution data:Region Ⅰ (the Huanghai Sea and the Bohai Sea) with cool and temperate forms,Region Ⅱ (the East China Sea and the northern part of the South China Sea) with subtropical warm-water forms and Region Ⅲ (central and southern parts of the South China Sea) with larger foraminifers and other tropical warm-water forms.The occurrence of Nummulites-Discocyclira fauna in the Eocene deposits of the East China Sea indicates a northward extension of tropical zoogeographical region at the time,whereas the distribution pattern of the Miocene Nephrolepidina-Miogypsiua-Austrotrillina fauna in the South China Sea resembles that of the present larger-foraminiferal fauna.In the South China Sea and Taiwan,a warm-water fauna with Asterorotalia and Pseudorotalia first appeared in late Miocene and then flourished in the Pliocene.
The distribution of ostracods and benthonic foraminifers in the China sea area is briefly reviewed from the paleobio-geographic viewpoint in this paper.Three regions can be distinguished in the area on the basis of modern distribution data:Region Ⅰ (the Huanghai Sea and the Bohai Sea) with cool and temperate forms,Region Ⅱ (the East China Sea and the northern part of the South China Sea) with subtropical warm-water forms and Region Ⅲ (central and southern parts of the South China Sea) with larger foraminifers and other tropical warm-water forms.The occurrence of Nummulites-Discocyclira fauna in the Eocene deposits of the East China Sea indicates a northward extension of tropical zoogeographical region at the time,whereas the distribution pattern of the Miocene Nephrolepidina-Miogypsiua-Austrotrillina fauna in the South China Sea resembles that of the present larger-foraminiferal fauna.In the South China Sea and Taiwan,a warm-water fauna with Asterorotalia and Pseudorotalia first appeared in late Miocene and then flourished in the Pliocene.
1991, (1): 107-115.
Abstract:
On the basis of the analysis and study of the records of shallow-layer profiles and information from systematic analyses of some cores and their 14C datings,the sediments of Yellow Sea trough since the final slage the Late Pleistocene are found to have the following features.On the south slope of the trough,it is probably composed of island-shelf de posits.On the mouth of the trough,it is made up of eolian dunes and its deposits.In the central bottom region of the trough where intense desertization occurred in the early stage of the regression,there are parallel oblique beddings in the strata known as the "angle of repose" texture,which demonstrates that the deposits there are composed of eolian sands.And in the late stage,thin derivative deposits developed in the northern part of the trough.On the north slope of the trough,thick-layer derivative deposits developed.This primary sedimentary pattern still remains unchanged since the occurrence of the Holocene transgression.
On the basis of the analysis and study of the records of shallow-layer profiles and information from systematic analyses of some cores and their 14C datings,the sediments of Yellow Sea trough since the final slage the Late Pleistocene are found to have the following features.On the south slope of the trough,it is probably composed of island-shelf de posits.On the mouth of the trough,it is made up of eolian dunes and its deposits.In the central bottom region of the trough where intense desertization occurred in the early stage of the regression,there are parallel oblique beddings in the strata known as the "angle of repose" texture,which demonstrates that the deposits there are composed of eolian sands.And in the late stage,thin derivative deposits developed in the northern part of the trough.On the north slope of the trough,thick-layer derivative deposits developed.This primary sedimentary pattern still remains unchanged since the occurrence of the Holocene transgression.
1991, (1): 117-127.
Abstract:
The Nanhui tidal flat is located in the area of slow current where the ebb currents from the Changjiang Estuaryand the Hangzhou Bay converge and the flood current from the sea diverges into the estuary and the bay.The flat extends seaward in tongue shape and has a wide and gentle surface with a marked difference of tidal levels on its two sides,which results in the sediment longitudinal transport on the flat.The water-sediment conditions are diverse at different locations.The velocity and sediment concentration in intertidal zone are higher during the flood tide than those during the ebb tide.The net sediment transport is landward,resulting in a large amount of deposition of sediments on the shoal.However,the ebb current is the dominant one in deep-water area where the net sediment transport is seaward.There exist two circulation systems in plane view on the shoal and in its adjacent deep-water area,which results in the sediment exchanges between the flat and channel and between the estuary and the bay.
The Nanhui tidal flat is located in the area of slow current where the ebb currents from the Changjiang Estuaryand the Hangzhou Bay converge and the flood current from the sea diverges into the estuary and the bay.The flat extends seaward in tongue shape and has a wide and gentle surface with a marked difference of tidal levels on its two sides,which results in the sediment longitudinal transport on the flat.The water-sediment conditions are diverse at different locations.The velocity and sediment concentration in intertidal zone are higher during the flood tide than those during the ebb tide.The net sediment transport is landward,resulting in a large amount of deposition of sediments on the shoal.However,the ebb current is the dominant one in deep-water area where the net sediment transport is seaward.There exist two circulation systems in plane view on the shoal and in its adjacent deep-water area,which results in the sediment exchanges between the flat and channel and between the estuary and the bay.
1991, (1): 129-140.
Abstract:
Euniphysa,originally a genus of the family Eunicidae,was erected by Wesenberg-Lund in 1949,and for a longtime there has been only one species in this genus.The present report is based on our samples collected from the South China Sea,and we consider that the differences between Euniphysa and Eunice are very significant:Five occipital tentacles distributed unequidistantly; the jaw consists of 6 pairs of maxillary plates; the body may be divided into anterior region and posterior region,etc.Therefore we suggest that Euniphysa should be separated from Eunicidae,and become a new family Euniphysi-dae.At present this family includes 3 genera,namely,Euniphysa,Paraeuniphysa and 1 new genira Heterophysa; Totally there are 7 species,including 3 new species and 1 new combination species.
Euniphysa,originally a genus of the family Eunicidae,was erected by Wesenberg-Lund in 1949,and for a longtime there has been only one species in this genus.The present report is based on our samples collected from the South China Sea,and we consider that the differences between Euniphysa and Eunice are very significant:Five occipital tentacles distributed unequidistantly; the jaw consists of 6 pairs of maxillary plates; the body may be divided into anterior region and posterior region,etc.Therefore we suggest that Euniphysa should be separated from Eunicidae,and become a new family Euniphysi-dae.At present this family includes 3 genera,namely,Euniphysa,Paraeuniphysa and 1 new genira Heterophysa; Totally there are 7 species,including 3 new species and 1 new combination species.
1991, (1): 141-147.
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1991, (1): 149-153.
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1991, (1): 155-160.
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1991, (1): 161-166.
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