Comparison of pigment composition and melanin content among white, light-green, dark-green, and purple morphs of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus

XING Lili; SUN Lina; LIU Shilin; LI Xiaoni; MIAO Ting; ZHANG Libin; YANG Hongsheng

doi:10.1007/s13131-017-1056-5

白刺参，浅青刺参，深青刺参和紫刺参色素组成及黑色素含量的比较分析

doi: 10.1007/s13131-017-1056-5

1.
海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室, 中国科学院海洋研究所, 青岛 266071, 中国;中国科学院大学, 北京 100049, 中国
2.
海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室, 中国科学院海洋研究所, 青岛 266071, 中国
3.
中国海洋大学, 青岛 266100, 中国

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- 收稿日期: 2016-08-21

Comparison of pigment composition and melanin content among white, light-green, dark-green, and purple morphs of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus

1.
Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
3.
Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

摘要

摘要: 刺参，Apostichopus japonicus（Selenka），是中国具有重要商业价值的海洋生物。在中国不同色型的刺参中，白刺参和紫刺参最具吸引力。鉴定出不同色型刺参体色形成的关键色素，将为目标色型刺参的养殖提供科学依据。在本研究中，实验用刺参根据它们的体色被分为四类：白刺参，浅青刺参，深青刺参，紫刺参。四类颜色刺参的色素组成和含量采用高压液相色谱（HPLC）技术进行分析。研究结果表明，四类刺参的色素含量具有显著差异，且白刺参的色素种类少于其他颜色刺参。在白刺参中，只检测到了鸟嘌呤和蝶酸，这两种色素是结构色，并且存在于其他颜色刺参中。除了蝶酸，其他检测到的色素皆为在紫刺参中含量最高。生物色黑色素、虾青素、β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素可在浅青、深青、紫刺参中检测到，而生物色黄体酮和番茄红素在所有色型的刺参中都未检测到。黑色素是体色形成中的一种关键色素，其含量随着刺参体色的加深而增加。透射电子显微镜分析发现，白刺参体壁中表皮黑色素细胞最少，且其黑色素细胞中含有较少的黑素体，包括无黑色素的前黑素体。随着刺参体色的加深，黑色素颗粒的含量也随之增加。在深青刺参和紫刺参中还发现，其黑色素颗粒分泌到细胞外。本研究对于发现白、浅青、深青、紫刺参颜色差异的主要原因具有重要意义，并为刺参体色形成的深入研究提供了基础。
- 刺参 /
- 色素组成 /
- 色型 /
- 黑色素 /
- 色素含量
Abstract: Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka), is a commercially important marine species in China. Among the differently colored varieties sold in China, white and purple sea cucumbers have the greatest appeal to consumers. Identification of the pigments that may contribute to the formation of different color morphs of sea cucumbers will provide a scientific basis for improving the cultivability of desirable color morphs. In this study, sea cucumbers were divided into four categories according to their body color: white, light green, dark green, and purple. The pigment composition and contents in the four groups were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results show that the pigment contents differed significantly among the white, light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers, and there were fewer types of pigments in white sea cucumber than in the other color morphs. The only pigments detected in white sea cucumbers were guanine and pteroic acid. Guanine and pteroic acid are structural colors, and they were also detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers. Every pigment detected, except for pteroic acid, was present at a higher concentration in purple morphs than in the other color morphs. The biological color pigments melanin, astaxanthin, β-carotene, and lutein were detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers. While progesterone and lycopene, which are also biological color pigments, were not detected in any of the color morphs. Melanin was the major pigment contributing to body color, and its concentration increased with deepening color of the sea cucumber body. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that white sea cucumbers had the fewest epidermal melanocytes in the body wall, and their melanocytes contained fewer melanosomes as well as non-pigmented pre-melanosomes. Sea cucumbers with deeper body colors contained more melanin granules. In the body wall of dark-green and purple sea cucumbers, melanin granules were secreted out of the cell. The results of this study provide evidence for the main factors responsible for differences in coloration among white, light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers, and also provide the foundation for further research on the formation of body color in sea cucumber, A. japonicus.
- Apostichopus japonicas /
- pigment composition /
- color morphs /
- melanin /
- pigment content

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参考文献(34)

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白刺参，浅青刺参，深青刺参和紫刺参色素组成及黑色素含量的比较分析

doi: 10.1007/s13131-017-1056-5

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出版历程

Comparison of pigment composition and melanin content among white, light-green, dark-green, and purple morphs of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus

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出版历程

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