Genetic diversity analysis of spawner and recaptured populations of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) during stock enhancement in the Bohai Bay based on an SSR marker
-
摘要: 本研究共使用8个微卫星位点对2013年渤海湾中国对虾放流亲本群体及回捕群体的遗传多样性、近交水平以及有效群体大小进行分析。8个微卫星位点在亲本群体及回捕群体中总共分别发现了254个及238个等位基因。每个位点的等位基因数量(Na)分别为8~63和6~69,有效等位基因数(Ne)分别为2.52~21.60和2.67~20.72, 多态性信息含量(PIC)为 0.529~0.952。 观测杂合度(Ho)(0.638~0.917和0.712~0.927)均低于期望杂合度(He)(0.603~0.954和0.625~0.952), 两个群体具有较高的遗传多样性。在16个群体位点中(2个群体×8个位点),13个位点发生了Hardy-Weinberg平衡偏离。 7个位点的Fis 为正值,通过trioML 最大似然法计算得到近交系数(F)分别为13.234%和11.603%, 产生了一定程度的近交,而近交衰退的程度还无法确定。Fst 的范围为0~0.059,平均值为0.028,两个群体遗传差异较小。有效群体大小(3060.2和3842.8) 均高于群体维持适应环境进化潜力的最小值。为保证遗传多样性及有效群体大小的稳定,建议2014年渤海湾放流亲虾数量为7686~19214。而经济成本、捕捞强度以及合理亲虾数量三者之间的放流策略仍需进一步调整。Abstract: Eight microsatellite markers were used to analyze genetic diversity, level of inbreeding, and effective population size of spawner and recaptured populations of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) during stock enhancement in the Bohai Bay in 2013. A total of 254 and 238 alleles were identified in the spawner and recaptured populations, respectively, and the numbers of alleles (Na) were 8-63 and 6-60, respectively. The numbers of effective alleles (Ne) were 2.52-21.60 and 2.67-20.72, respectively. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.529 to 0.952. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) values (0.638-0.910 and 0.712-0.927) were lower than the expected heterozygosity (He) values (0.603-0.954 and 0.625-0.952), which indicated that the two populations possessed a rich genetic diversity. In 16 tests (2 populations×8 loci), 13 tests deviated from the HardyWeinberg equilibrium. Fis values were positive at seven loci and the inbreeding coefficients (F) of the two populations estimated by trioML were 13.234% and 11.603%, suggesting that there was a relatively high degree of inbreeding. A certain level of inbreeding depression had occurred in the Chinese shrimp population. Fst values ranged from 0 to 0.059, with a mean of 0.028, displaying a low level of genetic differentiation in the two populations. Effective population sizes (3 060.2 and 3 842.8) were higher than the minimum number suggested for retaining the evolutionary potential to adapt to new environmental conditions. For enhancement activity in 2014, the ideal number of captured shrimp spawners should have ranged from 7 686 to 19 214 to maintain genetic diversity and effective population size. Further strategies to adjust the balance of economic cost, fishing effort and ideal number of shrimp spawners to maintain a satisfactory effective population size for ensuring the sustainability of Chinese shrimp are proposed.
-
Key words:
- Fenneropenaeus chinensis /
- SSR /
- genetic diversity /
- inbreeding /
- effective population size
-
Ball A O, Leonard S, Chapman R W. 1998. Characterization of (GT)n microsatellites from native white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus). Molecular Ecology, 7(9):1251-1253 Bekkevold D, Hansen M M, Nielsen E E. 2006. Genetic impact of gadoid culture on wild fish populations:predictions, lessons from salmonids, and possibilities for minimizing adverse ef-fects. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 63(2):198-208 Berthier P, Beaumont M A, Cornuet J M, et al. 2002. Likelihood-based estimation of the effective population size using temporal changes in allele frequencies:a genealogical approach. Genet-ics, 160(2):741-751 Bucklin K A. 2002. Analysis of the genetic basis of inbreeding depres-sion in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas[dissertation]. Davis, CA:University of California Cao Baoxiang, Kong Jie, Luo Kun, et al. 2015. Comparison of growth and survival performance among selected population, impor-ted population and inbreeding population in Litopenaeus van-namei. Journal of Fisheries of China (in Chinese), 39(1):42-51 Crow A J, Kimura M. 1965. Evolution in sexual and asexual popula-tions. The American Naturalist, 99(909):439-450 Deng Jingyao, Ye Changchen, Liu Yongchang. 1990. Penaeus chinen-sis in the Bohai and Yellow Seas-Its Biology and Management (in Chinese). Beijing:China Ocean Press, 36-64 Deng Jingyao, Zhuang Zhimeng. 2001. The cause of recruitment vari-ation of Penaeus chinensis in the Bohai Sea. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China (in Chinese), 7(4):125-128 Do C, Waples R S, Peel D, et al. 2014. NeEstimator V2:re-implement-ation of software for the estimation of contemporary effective population size (Ne) from genetic data. Molecular Ecology Re-sources, 14(1):209-214 Dong Shirui, Kong Jie, Zhang Tianshi, et al. 2006. Parentage determ-ination of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) based on microsatellite DNA markers. Aquaculture, 258(1-4):283-288 Dong Shirui, Luan Sheng, Kong Jie. 2014. Screening of microsatellite DNA markers associated with growth traits in a single Fenner-openaeus chinensis family. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China (in Chinese), 21(5):936-943 Doyle R W. 2016. Inbreeding and disease in tropical shrimp aquacul-ture:a reappraisal and caution. Aquaculture Research, 47(1):21-35 Evans F, Matson S, Brake J, et al. 2004. The effects of inbreeding on performance traits of adult Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Aquaculture, 230(1-4):89-98 Falconer D S, Mackay T F C. 1996. Introduction to Quantitative Ge-netics. 4th ed. Harlow, UK:Longman, 23(3):223-226 Frankham R, Gilligan D M, Morris D, et al. 2001. Inbreeding and ex-tinction:effects of purging. Conservation Genetics, 2(3):279-284 Franklin I R. 1980. Chapter 8:Evolutionary change in small popula-tions. In:Soule M E, Wilcox B A, eds. Conservation Biology. An Evolutionary-Ecological Perspective. Sunderland:Sinauer As-sociates Inc Press, 135-149 Franklin I R, Frankham R. 1998. How large must populations be to re-tain evolutionary potential?. Animal Conservation, 1(1):69-70 Hill W G. 1981. Estimation of effective population size from data on linkage disequilibrium. Genetical Research, 38(3):209-216 Jorde P E, Ryman N. 2007. Unbiased estimator for genetic drift and ef-fective population size. Genetics, 177(2):927-935 Keller L, Peer K, Bernasconi C, et al. 2011. Inbreeding and selection on sex ratio in the bark beetle Xylosandrus germanus. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 11(1):359 Keller L F, Waller D M. 2002. Inbreeding effects in wild populations. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 17(5):230-241 Keys S J, Crocos P J, Burridge C Y, et al. 2004. Comparative growth and survival of inbred and outbred Penaeus (Marsupenaeus) ja-ponicus, reared under controlled environment conditions:in-dications of inbreeding depression. Aquaculture, 241(1-4):151-168 Li Wenkang, Liu Kefeng, Miao Jun, et al. 2009. Stocking technology on Chinese shrimp. Chinese Fisheries Economics (in Chinese), 27(2):59-63 Li Weiya, Wang Weiji, Kong Jie, et al. 2012a. Establishment of the mi-crosatellite quadruple PCR technology for Fenneropenaeus chinensis and its application in the evaluation on the effect of releasing simulation. Haiyang Xuebao (in Chinese), 34(5):213-220 Li Zhongyi, Wang Jun, Zhao Zhenliang, et al. 2012b. Resources en-hancement of Fenneropenaeus orientalis in the Bohai Sea. Pro-gress in Fishery Sciences (in Chinese), 33(3):1-7 Lokko Y, Dixon A, Offei S, et al. 2006. Assessment of genetic diversity among African cassava Manihot esculenta Grantz accessions resistant to the cassava mosaic virus disease using SSR markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 53(7):1441-1453 Luikart G, Ryman N, Tallmon D A, et al. 2010. Estimation of census and effective population sizes:the increasing usefulness of DNA-based approaches. Conservation Genetics, 11(2):355-373 Luo Kun, Kong Jie, Luan Sheng, et al. 2014. Effect of inbreeding on survival, WSSV tolerance and growth at the postlarval stage of experimental full-sibling inbred populations of the Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus Chinensis. Aquaculture, 420-421:32-37 Ma Dayong, Hu Honglang, Kong Jie. 2005. Inbreeding and its impact on aquaculture. Journal of Fisheries of China (in Chinese), 29(6):849-856 Marshall T C, Slate J, Kruuk L E B, et al. 1998. Statistical confidence for likelihood-based paternity inference in natural populations. Molecular Ecology, 7(5):639-655 Meng Xianhong, Wang Qingyin, Jang I K, et al. 2009. Genetic differen-tiation in seven geographic populations of the fleshy shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) Chinensis based on microsatellite DNA. Aquaculture, 287(1-2):46-51 Moss D R, Arce S M, Otoshi C A, et al. 2007. Effects of inbreeding on survival and growth of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus (Litopen-aeus) vannamei. Aquaculture, 272(S1):S30-S37 Nei M. 1975. Molecular population genetics and evolution. Frontiers of Biology, 40:I-288 Nei M, Tajima F. 1981. Genetic drift and estimation of effective popu-lation size. Genetics, 98(3):625-640 Nomura T. 2008. Estimation of effective number of breeders from molecular coancestry of single cohort sample. Evolutionary Ap-plications, 1(3):462-474 Pollak E. 1983. A new method for estimating the effective population size from allele frequency changes. Genetics, 104(3):531-548 Raymond M, Rousset F. 1995. GENEPOP (Version 1.2):population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. Journal of Heredity, 86(3):248-249 Templeton A R, Read B. 1994. Inbreeding:one word, several mean-ings, much confusion. In:Loeschke V, Tomiuk J, Jain S K, eds. Conservation Genetics. Basel:Birkhuser, 91-105 Tolone M, Mastrangelo S, Rosa A J M, et al. 2011. Genetic diversity and population structure of sicilian sheep breeds using mi-crosatellite markers. Small Ruminant Research, 102(1):18-25 Utter F M, Seeb J E, Seeb L W. 1993. Complementary uses of ecologic-al and biochemical genetic data in identifying and conserving salmon populations. Fisheries Research, 18(1-2):59-76 Wang Weiji. 2008. I Genetic mapping of the Chinese shrimp Fenner-openaeus chinensis using AFLP markers and commercial traits QTL mapping. Genetic linkage mapping using AFLP markers and primarily study on sex-determination of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) (in Chinese)[dissertation]. Qingdao:Ocean University of China Wang Jinliang. 2011. Coancestry:a program for simulating, estimat-ing and analysing relatedness and inbreeding coefficients. Mo-lecular Ecology Resources, 11(1):141-145 Wang Shizhen, Hard J J, Utter F. 2002. Salmonid inbreeding:a review. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 11(4):301-319 Wang Weiji, Zhang Kai, Luo Kun, et al. 2014. Assessment of recapture rates after hatchery release of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis in Jiaozhou Bay and Bohai Bay in 2012 using pedigree tracing based on SSR markers. Fisheries Science, 80(4):749-755 Wang Qingyin, Zhuang Zhimeng, Deng Jingyao, et al. 2006. Stock en-hancement and translocation of the shrimp Penaeus chinensis in China. Fisheries Research, 80(1):67-79 Waples R S. 2006. A bias correction for estimates of effective popula-tion size based on linkage disequilibrium at unlinked gene loci. Conservation Genetics, 7(2):167-184 Waples R S, Do C. 2010. Linkage disequilibrium estimates of contem-porary Nusing highly variable genetic markers:a largely un-etapped resource for applied conservation and evolution. Evolu-tionary Applications, 3(3):244-262 Waples R S, Gaggiotti O. 2006. What is a population? an empirical evaluation of some genetic methods for identifying the number of gene pools and their degree of connectivity. Molecular Eco-logy, 15(6):1419-1439 Weir B S, Hill W G. 1980. Effect of mating structure on variation in linkage disequilibrium. Genetics, 95(2):477-488 Wright S. 1978. Evolution and the Genetics of Populations:Variability Within and Among Natural Populations. Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 80-89 Ye Changchen, Deng Jingyao, Li Peijun, et al. 1995. Fishery Stock En-hancement:Theory, Method, Evaluation and Management (in Chinese). Jilong:Fisheries Press Ye Changchen, Song Xin, Han Dewu. 2002. Estimation on proportion of releasing and wild shrimp in the mixed population. Fisheries Science (in Chinses), 21(4):31-32 Zhang Tianshi, Kong Jie, Wang Weiji, et al. 2010. Genetic variability assessed by microsatellites in the breeding populations of the shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) Chinensis in China. Aquaculture, 310(1-2):229-233 Zhang Hongyu, Luo Kun, Kong Jie, et al. 2009. Effects of inbreeding on growth survival and stress resistance in Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 16(5):744-750 Zhang Kai, Xiao Guangxia, Wang Weiji, et al. 2015. Genetic variation analysis across six life periods in a natural population of the Chinese Shrimp "Fenneropenaeus chinensis" in Bohai Bay us-ing SSR Markers. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 41(1):10-16 Zhuang Zhimeng, Shi Tuo, Kong Jie, et al. 2001. Genetic diversity in Penaeus chinensis shrimp as revealed by RAPD technique. Pro-gress in Natural Science, 11(6):432-438
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1368
- HTML全文浏览量: 74
- PDF下载量: 2333
- 被引次数: 0