Features of the physical environment associated with green tide in the southwestern Yellow Sea during spring
-
摘要: 从2007年开始, 每年夏天浒苔绿潮都会在黄海爆发, 并在当地导致巨大的经济损失。苏北浅滩有大规模的紫菜养殖业, 该地区被认为是浒苔绿潮最重要的发源地。为了揭示该地区浒苔漂浮和运动的物理机制, 本文研究了黄海西南部特别是苏北浅滩海域海流、温度、盐度和悬浮颗粒的特征。苏北浅滩辐射状沙洲的地形限制了该地区的海流, 并且导致了经向和纬向的净移动。经向的移动是将浒苔带到近海水域的主要动力因素。浒苔光合作用制造的气体量决定了紫菜筏架上剥落的浒苔是否可以漂浮到海水表面。苏北浅滩的水体具有高浑浊度, 导致水中显著的光衰减并影响水体中浒苔的光合作用。根据2012年卫星遥感数据, 苏北浅滩水域三个月平均(四月, 五月和六月)的表层悬浮物浓度是140 mg/dm3, 而该参数在苏北浅滩北部(34.5°N以北)是11 mg/dm3。根据4月月平均的表层悬浮物浓度, 苏北浅滩的透明度只有0.1 m, 但是苏北浅滩以外的海域, 透明度经常超过2.0 m。这个结果解释了为什么浒苔一旦离开苏北浅滩就会显著的增加。Abstract: Massive green tides caused by Ulva prolifera in the Yellow Sea have occurred every summer since 2007 and have caused huge economic losses for local governments. The Subei (North Jiangsu Province, China) Shoal, with its large-scale Porphyra aquaculture, has been regarded as the most important source of U. prolifera for green tides. To reveal the physical mechanisms of floating and drifting algae in this area, the characteristics of the current, the temperature, the salinity and suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the southwestern Yellow Sea, especially in the Subei Shoal, were studied. The topography of the radial sand ridges in the Subei Shoal constrains the features of the currents and causes net longitudinal and latitudinal movements. The longitudinal net movement is a dominant dynamic factor that can bring U. prolifera into offshore waters. The amount of gas that is produced by algae during photosynthesis determines whether U. prolifera can float well on the sea surface after it is disposed into the water from Porphyra aquacultural apparatus. The Subei Shoal is characterized by a high turbidity, which can result in significant light attenuation and affect the photosynthesis together with the buoyancy of a U. prolifera in the water. According to satellite remote sensing data from 2012, the three-month-averaged surface SPM (April, May and June) in the Subei Shoal was 140 mg/dm3, and the north of the Subei Shoal (the north of 34.5°N), it was 11 mg/dm3. According to the monthly averaged surface SPM in April, the transparency in the Subei Shoal was only 0.1 m, but it often exceeded 2.0 m outside of the Subei Shoal. The results explain why the floating ability of U. prolifera increases significantly once the green algae drifted outside the Subei Shoal.
-
Key words:
- Ulva prolifera /
- current /
- temperature /
- salinity /
- suspended particulate matter
-
Chen Jun, Quan Wenting, Cui Tingwei, et al. 2015. Estimation of total suspended matter concentration from MODIS data using a neural network model in the China eastern coastal zone. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 155: 104-113 Chen Shuisen, Huang Wenrui, Chen Weiqi, et al. 2011. An enhanced MODIS remote sensing model for detecting rainfall effects on sediment plume in the coastal waters of Apalachicola Bay. Marine Environmental Research, 72(5): 265-272 Hernández I, Peralta G, Pérez-Lloréns J L, et al. 1997. Biomass and dynamics of growth of Ulva species in Palmones River estuary. Journal of Phycology, 33(5): 764-772 Idso S B, Gilbert R G. 1974. On the universality of the Poole and Atkins Secchi disk-light extinction equation. Journal of Applied Ecology, 11(1): 399-401 Kaba E, Phiplot W, Steenhuis T. 2014. Evaluating suitability of MODIS- Terra images for reproducing historic sediment concentrations in water bodies: Lake Tana, Ethiopia. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 26: 286-297 Keesing J K, Liu Dongyan, Fearns P, et al. 2011 Inter- and intra-annual patterns of Ulva prolifera green tides in the Yellow Sea during 2007-2009, their origin and relationship to the expansion of coastal seaweed aquaculture in China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(6): 1169-1182 Largo D B, Sembrano J, Hiraoka M, et al. 2004. Taxonomic and ecolo-gical profile of ‘green tide' species of Ulva (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) in central Philippines. Hydrobiologia, 512(1-3): 247-253 Li Yao. 2010. Structure and dynamics of ocean circulation off the east coast of China [dissertation] (in Chinese). Qingdao: Chinese Academy of Sciences Liang Zongying, Lin Xiangzhi, Ma Mu, et al. 2008. A preliminary study of the Enteromorpha prolifera drift gathering causing the green tide phenomenon. Periodical of Ocean University of China (in Chinese), 38(4): 601-604 Lin Kui, Tang Yuxiang, Guo Binghuo. 2002. An analysis on observational surface and upper layer current in the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea. Haiyang Xuebao (in Chinese), 24(2): 9-19 Lin Xiaopei, Yang Jiayan, Guo Jingsong, et al. 2011. An asymmetric upwind flow, Yellow Sea Warm Current: 1. New observations in the western Yellow Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 116(C4): C04026 Liu Zhiliang, Hu Dunxin. 2009. Preliminary study on the Huanghai Sea coastal current and its relationship with local wind in summer. Haiyang Xuebao (in Chinese), 31(2): 1-7 Liu Dongyan, Keesing J K, Dong Zhiju, et al. 2010. Recurrence of the world's largest green-tide in 2009 in Yellow Sea, China: Porphyra yezoensis aquaculture rafts confirmed as nursery for macroalgal bloom. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60(9): 1423-1432 Liu Dongyan, Keesing J K, He Peimin, et al. 2013. The world's largest macroalgal bloom in the Yellow Sea, China: formation and implications. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 129: 2-10 Liu Dongyan, Keesing J K, Xing Qiangguo, et al. 2009. World's largest macroalgal bloom caused by expansion of seaweed aquaculture in China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58(6): 888-895 Maerz J, Wirtz K. 2009. Resolving physically and biologically driven suspended particulate matter dynamics in a tidal basin with a distribution-based model. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 84(1): 128-138 Morand P, Merceron M. 2004. Coastal eutrophication and excessive growth of macroalgae. Recent Research Developments in Environmental Biology, 1: 395-449 Naimie C E, Blain C A, Lynch D R. 2001. Seasonal mean circulation in the Yellow Sea-A model-generated climatology. Continental Shelf Research, 21(6-7): 667-695 Pawlowicz R, Beardsley B, Lentz S. 2002. Classical tidal harmonic analysis including error estimates in MATLAB using T_TIDE. Computers & Geosciences, 28(8): 929-937 Poole H H, Atkins W R G. 1929. Photo-electric measurements of submarine illumination throughout the year. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 16(1): 297-324 Qin Yi. 2009. Advances in the offshore circulating current of Jiangsu. Science Technology and Engineering (in Chinese), 9(12): 3389-3394 Sfriso A, Pavoni B. 1994. Macroalgae and phytoplankton competition in the central Venice lagoon. Environmental Technology, 15(1): 1-14 Tassan S. 1994. Local algorithms using SeaWiFS data for the retrieval of phytoplankton, pigments, suspended sediment, and yellow substance in coastal waters. Applied Optics, 33(12): 2369-2378 Taylor R, Fletcher R L, Raven J A. 2001. Preliminary studies on the growth of selected ‘green tide' algae in laboratory culture: effects of irradiance, temperature, salinity and nutrients on growth rate. Botanica Marina, 44(4): 327-336 Villar R E, Martinez J-M, Texier M L, et al. 2013. A study of sediment transport in the Madeira River, Brazil, using MODIS remotesensing images. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 44: 45-54 Wang J-J, Lu X X. 2010. Estimation of suspended sediment concentrations using Terra MODIS: an example from the Lower Yangtze River, China. Science of the Total Environment, 408(5): 1131-1138 Wang Xiaohua, Qiao Fangli, Lu Jing, et al. 2011. The turbidity maxima of the northern Jiangsu shoal-water in the Yellow Sea, China. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 93(3): 202-211 Yuan Dongliang, Zhu Jianrong, Li Chuanyan, et al. 2008. Cross-shelf circulation in the Yellow and East China Seas indicated by MODIS satellite observations. Journal of Marine Systems, 70(1-2): 134-149 Zhang Xiaowen, Wang Hongxia, Mao Yuze, et al. 2010. Somatic cells serve as a potential propagule bank of Enteromorpha prolifera forming a green tide in the Yellow Sea, China. Journal of Applied Phycology, 22(2): 173-180 Zheng Quanan, Fang Guohong, Song Y T. 2006. Introduction to special section: dynamics and circulation of the Yellow, East and South China Seas. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 111(C11): C11S01
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1617
- HTML全文浏览量: 45
- PDF下载量: 1019
- 被引次数: 0