2004 Vol. 23, No. 3
Display Method:
2004, (3): 377-386.
Abstract:
The ZRE is a very complicated estuary with multi-river inlets.The total sum of river discharge in the upstream(away from the tidal influence region) of the Zhujiang River can be easily measured.However,when the total river discharges into the estuary from eight inlets,it is a very difficult task to obtain a continuous river discharge flux data from each branch of the Zhujiang River.However,the different ratios of river discharges between the river branches can significantly affect the estuarine circulation feature and baroclinic process.Moreover,the accuracy of numerical forecast for the estuarine circulation is very much dependent on the accuracy of the time history of the river discharge flux for each branch.Therefore,it is important to estimate river discharge from each branch in order to improve the accuracy of the model forecast for the circulation of the ZRE.The development of a new estimation method of the river discharges is focused on based on the system identification theory,numer modeling and the time history from the CODAR observed sea surface current.The new approach has been applied to estimating the time history(hourly) of river discharge from each branch in the upstream of the ZRE.
The ZRE is a very complicated estuary with multi-river inlets.The total sum of river discharge in the upstream(away from the tidal influence region) of the Zhujiang River can be easily measured.However,when the total river discharges into the estuary from eight inlets,it is a very difficult task to obtain a continuous river discharge flux data from each branch of the Zhujiang River.However,the different ratios of river discharges between the river branches can significantly affect the estuarine circulation feature and baroclinic process.Moreover,the accuracy of numerical forecast for the estuarine circulation is very much dependent on the accuracy of the time history of the river discharge flux for each branch.Therefore,it is important to estimate river discharge from each branch in order to improve the accuracy of the model forecast for the circulation of the ZRE.The development of a new estimation method of the river discharges is focused on based on the system identification theory,numer modeling and the time history from the CODAR observed sea surface current.The new approach has been applied to estimating the time history(hourly) of river discharge from each branch in the upstream of the ZRE.
2004, (3): 387-397.
Abstract:
Since QuikSCAT is available in cloudy and rainy condition,its wind data are valuable in monitoring and real time forecasting the wind field,especially in sparse genesis regions of tropical cyclones.In order to understand and investigate the impact of QuikSCAT wind data,the three-imensional variational data assimilation(3D-VAR) of scatterometric wind data has been employed for the tropical cyclone "Vongfong" in the year 2002.The result shows that the QuikSCAT wind data have positive impact on the analysis and forecasting.But the positive impact is slight.The present results suggest that how to assimilate QuikSCAT wind data effectively is important and will be a challenge to meteorologists.
Since QuikSCAT is available in cloudy and rainy condition,its wind data are valuable in monitoring and real time forecasting the wind field,especially in sparse genesis regions of tropical cyclones.In order to understand and investigate the impact of QuikSCAT wind data,the three-imensional variational data assimilation(3D-VAR) of scatterometric wind data has been employed for the tropical cyclone "Vongfong" in the year 2002.The result shows that the QuikSCAT wind data have positive impact on the analysis and forecasting.But the positive impact is slight.The present results suggest that how to assimilate QuikSCAT wind data effectively is important and will be a challenge to meteorologists.
2004, (3): 399-406.
Abstract:
The joint distribution of wave heights and periods of individual waves is usually approximated by the joint distribution of apparent wave heights and periods.However there is difference between them.This difference is addressed and the theoretical joint distributions of apparent wave heights and periods due to Longuet-Higgins and Sun are modified to give more reasonable representations of the joint distribution of wave heights and periods of individual waves.The modification has overcome an inherent drawback of these joint PDFs that the mean wave period is infinite.A comparison is made between the modified formulae and the field data of Goda,which shows that the new formulae consist with the measurement better than their original counterparts.
The joint distribution of wave heights and periods of individual waves is usually approximated by the joint distribution of apparent wave heights and periods.However there is difference between them.This difference is addressed and the theoretical joint distributions of apparent wave heights and periods due to Longuet-Higgins and Sun are modified to give more reasonable representations of the joint distribution of wave heights and periods of individual waves.The modification has overcome an inherent drawback of these joint PDFs that the mean wave period is infinite.A comparison is made between the modified formulae and the field data of Goda,which shows that the new formulae consist with the measurement better than their original counterparts.
2004, (3): 407-414.
Abstract:
Satellite-tracked drifting buoy data and altimetry data are used to study the active vortex field to the west of Big Island.A pair of vortexes were observed at the trajectory of buoy in 1995.The westward propagation of the vortex pair is studied in detail by reproducing the loops of each vortex.The orbital period and radius of the pair of vortex are determined to be 10-11 d and 58-68 km.Two arrays of contra-rotating vortices are displayed in the average sea surface height anomaly(SSHA) field to the west of Big Island.Based on the calculation of the fluid dynamical parameter,the "von Karman vortex street" is proved to be generated to the west of Big Island as the North Equatorial Current impinges upon Big Island from the east.Finally,the analysis of the buoy trajectories in a decade contributes to the conclusion of the pattern of VKVS in a statistical view.
Satellite-tracked drifting buoy data and altimetry data are used to study the active vortex field to the west of Big Island.A pair of vortexes were observed at the trajectory of buoy in 1995.The westward propagation of the vortex pair is studied in detail by reproducing the loops of each vortex.The orbital period and radius of the pair of vortex are determined to be 10-11 d and 58-68 km.Two arrays of contra-rotating vortices are displayed in the average sea surface height anomaly(SSHA) field to the west of Big Island.Based on the calculation of the fluid dynamical parameter,the "von Karman vortex street" is proved to be generated to the west of Big Island as the North Equatorial Current impinges upon Big Island from the east.Finally,the analysis of the buoy trajectories in a decade contributes to the conclusion of the pattern of VKVS in a statistical view.
2004, (3): 415-426.
Abstract:
Statistical analysis about ENSO index represented by SSTA in Nino3 with several datasets shows obviously decadal changes in the dominant period and amplitude of ENSO.Correlation analysis about the composite El Niño events before and after 1976 exhibits obviously decadal changes in the propagation and intensity of the oceanic anomaly related to the variation of SSTA in Nino3.In the composite El Niño before 1976,the coherence is relatively weak between the oceanic anomaly in the tropical Pacific and the SSTA in the Nino3 region; the area with significant correlation coefficient is relatively small; the oceanic anomaly related to Nino3 SSTA propagates faster.The above changes correspond well to the decadal changes of ENSO cycles.Some preliminary explanations are given based on the analysis of the decadal changes in the thermocline.The tropical thermocline shoals after 1976 except in the equatorial far East Pacific and the inclination of the tropical thermocline deep west and shallow east patterns weakens.Much of the oceanic anomaly from the relative higher latitude contributes to the slow propagation of the oceanic anomaly in the North Pacific.The air-sea coupling in the tropical Pack intensifies after 1976 corresponding to decadal change of the ENSO amplitude.Decadal adjustment of the thermocline may have influenced the propagalion and intensity of the oceanic anomaly related to the ENSO and intensity of air-sea interaction in the tropical Pacific,and changed the dominant period of ENSO and its amplitude.
Statistical analysis about ENSO index represented by SSTA in Nino3 with several datasets shows obviously decadal changes in the dominant period and amplitude of ENSO.Correlation analysis about the composite El Niño events before and after 1976 exhibits obviously decadal changes in the propagation and intensity of the oceanic anomaly related to the variation of SSTA in Nino3.In the composite El Niño before 1976,the coherence is relatively weak between the oceanic anomaly in the tropical Pacific and the SSTA in the Nino3 region; the area with significant correlation coefficient is relatively small; the oceanic anomaly related to Nino3 SSTA propagates faster.The above changes correspond well to the decadal changes of ENSO cycles.Some preliminary explanations are given based on the analysis of the decadal changes in the thermocline.The tropical thermocline shoals after 1976 except in the equatorial far East Pacific and the inclination of the tropical thermocline deep west and shallow east patterns weakens.Much of the oceanic anomaly from the relative higher latitude contributes to the slow propagation of the oceanic anomaly in the North Pacific.The air-sea coupling in the tropical Pack intensifies after 1976 corresponding to decadal change of the ENSO amplitude.Decadal adjustment of the thermocline may have influenced the propagalion and intensity of the oceanic anomaly related to the ENSO and intensity of air-sea interaction in the tropical Pacific,and changed the dominant period of ENSO and its amplitude.
2004, (3): 427-436.
Abstract:
Ocean environmental information is very important to supporting the fishermen in fishing and satellite remote sensing technology can provide it in large scale and in near real-time.Ocean fishery locations are always far away beyond the coverage of the satellite data received by a land-based satellite receiving station.A nice idea is to install the satellite ground station on a fishing boat.When the boat moves to a fishery location,the station can receive the satellite data to cover the fishery areas.One satellite remote sensing system was once installed in a fishing boat and served fishing in the North Pacific fishery areas when the boat stayed there.The system can provide some oceanic environmental charts such as sea surface temperature(SST) and relevant derived products which are in most popular use in fishery industry.The accuracy of SST is the most important and affects the performance of the operational system,which is found to be dissatisfactory.Many factors affect the accuracy of SST an it is difficult to increase the accuracy by SST retrieval algorithms and clouds detection technology.A new technology of temperature error control is developed to detect the abnotmity of satellite-measured SST.The performance of the technology is evaluated to change the temperature bias from -3.04 to 0.05℃ and the root mean square(RMS) from 5.71 to 1.75℃.It is suitable for employing in an operational satellite-measured SST system and improves the performance of the system in fishery applications.The system has been running for 3 a and proved to be very useful in fishing.It can help to locate the candidates of the fishery areas and monitor the typhoon which is very dangerous to the safety of fishing boats.
Ocean environmental information is very important to supporting the fishermen in fishing and satellite remote sensing technology can provide it in large scale and in near real-time.Ocean fishery locations are always far away beyond the coverage of the satellite data received by a land-based satellite receiving station.A nice idea is to install the satellite ground station on a fishing boat.When the boat moves to a fishery location,the station can receive the satellite data to cover the fishery areas.One satellite remote sensing system was once installed in a fishing boat and served fishing in the North Pacific fishery areas when the boat stayed there.The system can provide some oceanic environmental charts such as sea surface temperature(SST) and relevant derived products which are in most popular use in fishery industry.The accuracy of SST is the most important and affects the performance of the operational system,which is found to be dissatisfactory.Many factors affect the accuracy of SST an it is difficult to increase the accuracy by SST retrieval algorithms and clouds detection technology.A new technology of temperature error control is developed to detect the abnotmity of satellite-measured SST.The performance of the technology is evaluated to change the temperature bias from -3.04 to 0.05℃ and the root mean square(RMS) from 5.71 to 1.75℃.It is suitable for employing in an operational satellite-measured SST system and improves the performance of the system in fishery applications.The system has been running for 3 a and proved to be very useful in fishing.It can help to locate the candidates of the fishery areas and monitor the typhoon which is very dangerous to the safety of fishing boats.
2004, (3): 437-448.
Abstract:
A current-turbidity monitoring system(CTMS) was deployed on the intertidal flat at Wanggang,northern Jiangsu during October 16-17,2000,to measure the tidal current speeds and seawater turbidities at 5 levels above the seabed.Based upon the logarithmic-profile equation,the boundary layer parameters,i.e.,u*,z0 and C60,were obtained for 247 tidal flow velocity profiles.Around 90% of the profiles were logarithmic according to the critical correlation coefficient.Internal consistency analysis shows that these parameters derived by different methods are consistent with each other.In addition,the height of the bedforms observed is close to the seabed roughness lengths calculated from the velocity profiles,indicating that the boundary layer parameters obtained can reveal the conditions at the sediment-water interface on the intertidal flats.Suspended sediment concentrations were obtained from the 5 CTMS turbidity meters using laboratory and in-situ calibrations.The results show that the in-situ calibrations.The results show that the in-situ calibrated SSCs have a much higher accuracy than the laboratory calibrated ones.Calculation of suspended sediment fluxes on the intertidal flats,with a magnitude of 104 kg/m per spring tidal cycle,indicates that suspended sediment moves towards the northwest,which is reversal to the transport pattern controlled by the southward Northern Jiangsu Coastal Current in the sub-tidal zone and adjacent shallow waters.
A current-turbidity monitoring system(CTMS) was deployed on the intertidal flat at Wanggang,northern Jiangsu during October 16-17,2000,to measure the tidal current speeds and seawater turbidities at 5 levels above the seabed.Based upon the logarithmic-profile equation,the boundary layer parameters,i.e.,u*,z0 and C60,were obtained for 247 tidal flow velocity profiles.Around 90% of the profiles were logarithmic according to the critical correlation coefficient.Internal consistency analysis shows that these parameters derived by different methods are consistent with each other.In addition,the height of the bedforms observed is close to the seabed roughness lengths calculated from the velocity profiles,indicating that the boundary layer parameters obtained can reveal the conditions at the sediment-water interface on the intertidal flats.Suspended sediment concentrations were obtained from the 5 CTMS turbidity meters using laboratory and in-situ calibrations.The results show that the in-situ calibrations.The results show that the in-situ calibrated SSCs have a much higher accuracy than the laboratory calibrated ones.Calculation of suspended sediment fluxes on the intertidal flats,with a magnitude of 104 kg/m per spring tidal cycle,indicates that suspended sediment moves towards the northwest,which is reversal to the transport pattern controlled by the southward Northern Jiangsu Coastal Current in the sub-tidal zone and adjacent shallow waters.
2004, (3): 449-461.
Abstract:
On the basis of bathymetric data and other geological and geophysical data obtained during the first survey conducted by Chinese Mainland in the area off eastern Taiwan Island from May to June in 2000,the morphological features of the region,the tectonic control to the seafloor topography and their tectonic implication are studied and discussed.The results have revealed that both the slope zone of the Ryukyu arc and the Ryukyu Trench present a typical morphotectonic characteristics controlled by the trench-arc system in the West Pacific Ocean.At the slope of eastern Taiwan Island the isobathic lines parallel to the coastline and distribute densely in nearly N-S direction and the slope gradient of topography is large.Such a unique feature is attributed to the collision of the Luzon arc and Eurasia continent.In the Huatung Basin,turbidity fans and submarine canyons are well developed,the formations of which are mainly related to the steep topography of the slope of the Luzon are and the abundants Eurasia continent.In the Huatung Basin,turbidity fans and submarine canyons are well developed,the formations of which are mainly related to the steep topography of the slope of the Luzon arc and the abundant supply of sediments.These submarine canyons are controlled by basement highs and strike-slip faults.On eastern side and western side of the Gagua Ridge,both the water depth and morphological features are different,but the basement of Gagua Ridge belongs to the Huatung Basin.The eastern side of the Gagua Ridge(123°12' E) corresponds to the boundary of two plates with different ages.In the West Philippine Basin,linear ridges and troughs in a NW trending are identified,which are dissected by a NE trending transform fault.According to the seafloor topography features,the direction of the transform fault and the magnetic anomaly lineations,the seafloor of this region was formed during 60-45 Ma B.P.when the West Philippine Basin was spreading along NE-SW relative to the present orientation.
On the basis of bathymetric data and other geological and geophysical data obtained during the first survey conducted by Chinese Mainland in the area off eastern Taiwan Island from May to June in 2000,the morphological features of the region,the tectonic control to the seafloor topography and their tectonic implication are studied and discussed.The results have revealed that both the slope zone of the Ryukyu arc and the Ryukyu Trench present a typical morphotectonic characteristics controlled by the trench-arc system in the West Pacific Ocean.At the slope of eastern Taiwan Island the isobathic lines parallel to the coastline and distribute densely in nearly N-S direction and the slope gradient of topography is large.Such a unique feature is attributed to the collision of the Luzon arc and Eurasia continent.In the Huatung Basin,turbidity fans and submarine canyons are well developed,the formations of which are mainly related to the steep topography of the slope of the Luzon are and the abundants Eurasia continent.In the Huatung Basin,turbidity fans and submarine canyons are well developed,the formations of which are mainly related to the steep topography of the slope of the Luzon arc and the abundant supply of sediments.These submarine canyons are controlled by basement highs and strike-slip faults.On eastern side and western side of the Gagua Ridge,both the water depth and morphological features are different,but the basement of Gagua Ridge belongs to the Huatung Basin.The eastern side of the Gagua Ridge(123°12' E) corresponds to the boundary of two plates with different ages.In the West Philippine Basin,linear ridges and troughs in a NW trending are identified,which are dissected by a NE trending transform fault.According to the seafloor topography features,the direction of the transform fault and the magnetic anomaly lineations,the seafloor of this region was formed during 60-45 Ma B.P.when the West Philippine Basin was spreading along NE-SW relative to the present orientation.
2004, (3): 463-472.
Abstract:
The species and characteristics of Radiolaria in the surface sediments were systematcally investigated in the sea east of Taiwan Island.One hundred and seventy-eight species of Radiolaria(including 21 unidentified species) have been identified in the surface sediments,and they belong to 2 orders,34 families and 101 genera.Among them there are 19 families,70 genera,134 species of Spumellaria and 15 families,31 genera,44 species of Nassellaria.Of the 178 species of Radiolaria,the individual number of Spumellaria amounts to 88.1% of the total individual number,and that of Nassellaria amounts to 11.9% of the total individual number.It is shown that most of the dominant species belong to the tropical and subtropical dominant species and are brought into the area mainly by the Kuroshio,and some affecting factors including the submarine topography,submarine sediments,upwelling current east of Taiwan Island and carbonate dissolution play a secondary role in forming the Radiolaria distributions.
The species and characteristics of Radiolaria in the surface sediments were systematcally investigated in the sea east of Taiwan Island.One hundred and seventy-eight species of Radiolaria(including 21 unidentified species) have been identified in the surface sediments,and they belong to 2 orders,34 families and 101 genera.Among them there are 19 families,70 genera,134 species of Spumellaria and 15 families,31 genera,44 species of Nassellaria.Of the 178 species of Radiolaria,the individual number of Spumellaria amounts to 88.1% of the total individual number,and that of Nassellaria amounts to 11.9% of the total individual number.It is shown that most of the dominant species belong to the tropical and subtropical dominant species and are brought into the area mainly by the Kuroshio,and some affecting factors including the submarine topography,submarine sediments,upwelling current east of Taiwan Island and carbonate dissolution play a secondary role in forming the Radiolaria distributions.
2004, (3): 473-482.
Abstract:
The distributions of different forms of nitrogen in the surface sediments of the southern Huanghai Sea are different and affected by various factors.The contents of IEF-N,SOEF-N and TN gradually decrease eastward,and those of SAEF-N northward,while those of WAEF-N westward.Around the seaport of the old Huanghe(Yellow) River,the contents of both SOEF-N and TN are the highest.Among all the factors,the content of fine sediment is the predominant factor to affect the distributions of different forms of nitrogen.The contents of IEF-N,SOEF-N,and TN have visibly positive correlation with the content of fine sediments,and the correlative coefficient is 0.68,0.58 and 0.71 respectively,showing that the contents of the three forms of nitrogen increase with those of fine sediments.The content of WAEF-N is related to that of fine sediments to a certain extent,with a correlative coefficient of 0.35; while the content of SAEF-N is not related to that of fine sediments,showing that the content of SAEF-N is not controlled by fine grain-size fractions of sediments.1n addition,the distributions of different forms of nitrogen are also interacted one another,and the contents of IEF-N and SOEF-N are obviously affected by TN,while those of inorganic nitrogen(WAEF-N,SAEF-N and IEF-N) are not affected by SOEF-N and TN obviously,although they are interacted each other.
The distributions of different forms of nitrogen in the surface sediments of the southern Huanghai Sea are different and affected by various factors.The contents of IEF-N,SOEF-N and TN gradually decrease eastward,and those of SAEF-N northward,while those of WAEF-N westward.Around the seaport of the old Huanghe(Yellow) River,the contents of both SOEF-N and TN are the highest.Among all the factors,the content of fine sediment is the predominant factor to affect the distributions of different forms of nitrogen.The contents of IEF-N,SOEF-N,and TN have visibly positive correlation with the content of fine sediments,and the correlative coefficient is 0.68,0.58 and 0.71 respectively,showing that the contents of the three forms of nitrogen increase with those of fine sediments.The content of WAEF-N is related to that of fine sediments to a certain extent,with a correlative coefficient of 0.35; while the content of SAEF-N is not related to that of fine sediments,showing that the content of SAEF-N is not controlled by fine grain-size fractions of sediments.1n addition,the distributions of different forms of nitrogen are also interacted one another,and the contents of IEF-N and SOEF-N are obviously affected by TN,while those of inorganic nitrogen(WAEF-N,SAEF-N and IEF-N) are not affected by SOEF-N and TN obviously,although they are interacted each other.
2004, (3): 483-492.
Abstract:
Dinoflagellates are unicellular eukaryotic protists that dominate in all coastal waters,and are also present in oceanic waters.Despite the central importance of dinoflagellates in global primary production,the relationship between dinoflagellates and bacteria are still poorly understood.In order to understand the ecological interaction between bacterial and dinoflagellates communities,denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) and SSU rRNA sequencing were applied to monitoring the population dynamics of bacteria and dinoflagellates from the onset to disappearance of a dinoflagellates bloom occurred in Baltimore Inner Harbor,from April 15 to 24,2002.Although Prorocentrum minimum was the major bloom forming species under the light microscopy,DGGE method with dinoflagellate specific primers demonstrated that Prorocentrum micans,Gymnodinium galatheanum and Gyrodinium uncatenum were also present during the bloom.Population shifts among the minor dinoflagellate groups were observed.DGGE of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments indicated that cyanobacteria,α,β,γ proteobacteria,Flavobacterium-Bacteroides-Cytophaga(FBC),and Planctomcetes were the major components of bacterial assemblages during the bloom.DGGE analysis showed that Cytophagales and α-proteobacteria played important roles at different stages of dinoflagellates bloom.DGGE can be used as a rapid tool to simultaneously monitor population dynamics of both bacterial and dinoflagellates communities in aquatic environments,which is demonstrated here.
Dinoflagellates are unicellular eukaryotic protists that dominate in all coastal waters,and are also present in oceanic waters.Despite the central importance of dinoflagellates in global primary production,the relationship between dinoflagellates and bacteria are still poorly understood.In order to understand the ecological interaction between bacterial and dinoflagellates communities,denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) and SSU rRNA sequencing were applied to monitoring the population dynamics of bacteria and dinoflagellates from the onset to disappearance of a dinoflagellates bloom occurred in Baltimore Inner Harbor,from April 15 to 24,2002.Although Prorocentrum minimum was the major bloom forming species under the light microscopy,DGGE method with dinoflagellate specific primers demonstrated that Prorocentrum micans,Gymnodinium galatheanum and Gyrodinium uncatenum were also present during the bloom.Population shifts among the minor dinoflagellate groups were observed.DGGE of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments indicated that cyanobacteria,α,β,γ proteobacteria,Flavobacterium-Bacteroides-Cytophaga(FBC),and Planctomcetes were the major components of bacterial assemblages during the bloom.DGGE analysis showed that Cytophagales and α-proteobacteria played important roles at different stages of dinoflagellates bloom.DGGE can be used as a rapid tool to simultaneously monitor population dynamics of both bacterial and dinoflagellates communities in aquatic environments,which is demonstrated here.
2004, (3): 493-504.
Abstract:
Dynamics of major picoplankton groups,Synechococcus(Syn),Prochlorococcus(Pro),picoeukaryotes(Euk) and heterotrophic bacteria(Bact) was investigated by flow cytometry for the first time in the Nansha Islands area in the South China Sea.Averaged over the whole investigation area,depth-weighted integrated cell abundance(DWA) of Syn,Pro,Euk and Bact was 1.6(0.4-5.7)×103,5.4(0.1-7.3)×104,0.7(0.2-2.2)×103,and 2.3(1.4-3.2)×105 cells/mL respectively.Picoautotrophic cell abundance was low in the northwest part of the Nansha Islands where surface water temperature was low and the upper mixed layer was shallow.Concurrently,a surface maximum vertical distribution pattern was observed in this area.While in the southeast and east zones where temperatures were relatively higher and nitraclines were deeper,picoplankton is abundant and a subsurface maximum around 50-75 m is observed.Coupling of horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of picoplankton abundance and hydrological status was found,suggesting a strong influence of currents and water column structure on picoplankton distribution in the investigation area.Contrary to that in the shelf water in the East China Sea,the relationship between Pro and Bact in the Nansha Islands area in the South China Sea was not significantly negative but weakly positive.Moreover,a similar distnbution pattern of Syn and Pro was observed Possible reasons for these differences in the two marine regimes were discussed.
Dynamics of major picoplankton groups,Synechococcus(Syn),Prochlorococcus(Pro),picoeukaryotes(Euk) and heterotrophic bacteria(Bact) was investigated by flow cytometry for the first time in the Nansha Islands area in the South China Sea.Averaged over the whole investigation area,depth-weighted integrated cell abundance(DWA) of Syn,Pro,Euk and Bact was 1.6(0.4-5.7)×103,5.4(0.1-7.3)×104,0.7(0.2-2.2)×103,and 2.3(1.4-3.2)×105 cells/mL respectively.Picoautotrophic cell abundance was low in the northwest part of the Nansha Islands where surface water temperature was low and the upper mixed layer was shallow.Concurrently,a surface maximum vertical distribution pattern was observed in this area.While in the southeast and east zones where temperatures were relatively higher and nitraclines were deeper,picoplankton is abundant and a subsurface maximum around 50-75 m is observed.Coupling of horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of picoplankton abundance and hydrological status was found,suggesting a strong influence of currents and water column structure on picoplankton distribution in the investigation area.Contrary to that in the shelf water in the East China Sea,the relationship between Pro and Bact in the Nansha Islands area in the South China Sea was not significantly negative but weakly positive.Moreover,a similar distnbution pattern of Syn and Pro was observed Possible reasons for these differences in the two marine regimes were discussed.
2004, (3): 505-512.
Abstract:
The status of polyculture and rotational culture in Chinese marine life is reviewed.Some successful experience is summarized.
The status of polyculture and rotational culture in Chinese marine life is reviewed.Some successful experience is summarized.
2004, (3): 513-519.
Abstract:
A molecular phytogeny is presented for the subfamily Dorippinae(including 9 individuals,representing 5 species and 4 genera),based on the sequence data from 16S rRNA gene.Two-cluster test between lineages in these phylogenetic trees has been performed.On the basis of rate constancy,the rate of nucleotide substitutions of 16S rDNA sequence data is estimated as 0.27% per million years.The analysis strongly supports the recognition of the Dorippinae as a monophyletic subfamily.Phylogenetic tree indicates that the subfamily Dorippinae is divided into two main clades,and genus Dorippe appears basal in the subfamily,diverging from other species 36.6 Ma ago.It is also clear that the Heikea is closely related to the genus Neodorippe.The divergence time between them is 15.8 Ma.
A molecular phytogeny is presented for the subfamily Dorippinae(including 9 individuals,representing 5 species and 4 genera),based on the sequence data from 16S rRNA gene.Two-cluster test between lineages in these phylogenetic trees has been performed.On the basis of rate constancy,the rate of nucleotide substitutions of 16S rDNA sequence data is estimated as 0.27% per million years.The analysis strongly supports the recognition of the Dorippinae as a monophyletic subfamily.Phylogenetic tree indicates that the subfamily Dorippinae is divided into two main clades,and genus Dorippe appears basal in the subfamily,diverging from other species 36.6 Ma ago.It is also clear that the Heikea is closely related to the genus Neodorippe.The divergence time between them is 15.8 Ma.
2004, (3): 521-531.
Abstract:
The development of embryos and larvae of Babylonia formosae habei living along the southeast coast of China is observed under laboratory conditions.The egg masses are laid by females on hard substrate at night and each capsule contains 100-500 eggs.Each egg is 250-280 mm in diameter.The first two cleavages of the embryo are meridional and equal,and a polar lobe is produced.Larval kidney,which only consists of a single cell,appears during the gastrula stage on each side of the embryo.The right tentacle develops prior to the left one.At 25-27℃,an intracapsulate veliger stage is reached about 4.5 d after deposition.The larvae hatch on the fifth day as swimming veligers with a shell length of 360-500 mm.The newly hatched larva can ingest suspended algal cells from the water column and remains in the pelagic stage for 8-10 d.The newly settled juveniles are 900-1 200 mm in shell length.
The development of embryos and larvae of Babylonia formosae habei living along the southeast coast of China is observed under laboratory conditions.The egg masses are laid by females on hard substrate at night and each capsule contains 100-500 eggs.Each egg is 250-280 mm in diameter.The first two cleavages of the embryo are meridional and equal,and a polar lobe is produced.Larval kidney,which only consists of a single cell,appears during the gastrula stage on each side of the embryo.The right tentacle develops prior to the left one.At 25-27℃,an intracapsulate veliger stage is reached about 4.5 d after deposition.The larvae hatch on the fifth day as swimming veligers with a shell length of 360-500 mm.The newly hatched larva can ingest suspended algal cells from the water column and remains in the pelagic stage for 8-10 d.The newly settled juveniles are 900-1 200 mm in shell length.
2004, (3): 533-540.
Abstract:
The shell traits and weight traits are measured in cultured populations of bay scallop,Argopecten irradians.The results of regression analysis show that the regression relationships for all the traits are significant(P<0.01).The correlative coefficients between body weight,as well as tissue weight with shell length,shell height and shell width are significant(P<0.05).But the correlative coefficients between the anterior and posterior auricle length with body weight as well as tissue weight are not significant(P>0.05).The multiple regression equation is obtained to estimate live body weight and tissue weight.The above traits except anterior and posterior auricle length are used for the growth and production comparison among three cultured populations,Duncan's new multiple range procedure analysis shows that all the traits in the Lingshuiqiao(LSQ) population are much more significant than those of the other two populations(P<0.01),and there is no significant difference between the Qipanmo(QPM) and Dalijia(DIJ) populations in all traits(P > 0.05).The results indicate that the LSQ population has a higher growth rate and is expected to be more productive than the other two populations.
The shell traits and weight traits are measured in cultured populations of bay scallop,Argopecten irradians.The results of regression analysis show that the regression relationships for all the traits are significant(P<0.01).The correlative coefficients between body weight,as well as tissue weight with shell length,shell height and shell width are significant(P<0.05).But the correlative coefficients between the anterior and posterior auricle length with body weight as well as tissue weight are not significant(P>0.05).The multiple regression equation is obtained to estimate live body weight and tissue weight.The above traits except anterior and posterior auricle length are used for the growth and production comparison among three cultured populations,Duncan's new multiple range procedure analysis shows that all the traits in the Lingshuiqiao(LSQ) population are much more significant than those of the other two populations(P<0.01),and there is no significant difference between the Qipanmo(QPM) and Dalijia(DIJ) populations in all traits(P > 0.05).The results indicate that the LSQ population has a higher growth rate and is expected to be more productive than the other two populations.
2004, (3): 541-547.
Abstract:
Mangroves are special woody plant communities in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coasts.They prove to be a natural microorganisms and new metabolites storage.In the study of mangrove endophytic fungi metabolites,four new compounds,Compounds 1,2,3 and 4,as well as a known octaketide,oytosporone B(5),are isolated from an endophytic fungus,Dothiorella sp.,HTF3.They all show cytotoxic activities.The elucidation of these structures is mainly based on 1D/2D NMR and ESI-MS spectral analyses.
Mangroves are special woody plant communities in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coasts.They prove to be a natural microorganisms and new metabolites storage.In the study of mangrove endophytic fungi metabolites,four new compounds,Compounds 1,2,3 and 4,as well as a known octaketide,oytosporone B(5),are isolated from an endophytic fungus,Dothiorella sp.,HTF3.They all show cytotoxic activities.The elucidation of these structures is mainly based on 1D/2D NMR and ESI-MS spectral analyses.
2004, (3): 549-562.
Abstract:
New data on Anthomedusae are included.Seven new species and 2 new combinations are described.An additional Teissiera polypofera Xu,Huang and Chen,1991 is redescribed and its position of taxonomy is discussed.Other lists of species on Anthomedusae are summarized.
New data on Anthomedusae are included.Seven new species and 2 new combinations are described.An additional Teissiera polypofera Xu,Huang and Chen,1991 is redescribed and its position of taxonomy is discussed.Other lists of species on Anthomedusae are summarized.
2004, (3): 563-567.
Abstract:
After continuous breeding gametophyte of Laminaria,then breaking protonema,heterosis seedling is got by bilineal hybridization.The result shows that the weight-increasing rate of female and male gametophyte clone cells are 14.03% and 13.87%,after 16 d crossbreeding,the rate of ovulation is up to100%; the length of juvenile sporophyte after 40 d breeding is 2-3 cm.By farming on the sea,a hybrid combination is primarily screened.
After continuous breeding gametophyte of Laminaria,then breaking protonema,heterosis seedling is got by bilineal hybridization.The result shows that the weight-increasing rate of female and male gametophyte clone cells are 14.03% and 13.87%,after 16 d crossbreeding,the rate of ovulation is up to100%; the length of juvenile sporophyte after 40 d breeding is 2-3 cm.By farming on the sea,a hybrid combination is primarily screened.
