1989 Vol. 8, No. 3
Display Method:
1989, (3): 315-325.
Abstract:
By analysing the scatter diagrams of characteristic the wave height H and the period T on the basis of instrumental data from various ocean wave stations, we found that the conditional expectation and standard deviation of wave period for a given wave height can be better predicted by using the equations of normal linear regression rather than by those based on the lognormal law.The latter was implied in Ochi's bivariate log-normal model (Ochi.1978) for the long-term joint distribution of H and T.With the expectation and standard deviation predicted by the normal linear regression equations and applying proper types of distribution, we have obtained the conditional distribution of T for given H.Then combining this conditional P (T/H) with long-term marginal distribution of the wave height P (H) we establish a new parameterized model for the long-term joint distribution P (H, T).As an example of the application of the new model we give a method for estimating wave period associated with an extreme wave height.
By analysing the scatter diagrams of characteristic the wave height H and the period T on the basis of instrumental data from various ocean wave stations, we found that the conditional expectation and standard deviation of wave period for a given wave height can be better predicted by using the equations of normal linear regression rather than by those based on the lognormal law.The latter was implied in Ochi's bivariate log-normal model (Ochi.1978) for the long-term joint distribution of H and T.With the expectation and standard deviation predicted by the normal linear regression equations and applying proper types of distribution, we have obtained the conditional distribution of T for given H.Then combining this conditional P (T/H) with long-term marginal distribution of the wave height P (H) we establish a new parameterized model for the long-term joint distribution P (H, T).As an example of the application of the new model we give a method for estimating wave period associated with an extreme wave height.
1989, (3): 327-336.
Abstract:
Some numerical experiments have been developed to explain dynamically the mechanism of the formation of the wintertime circulation in the Northern Huanghai Sea and the Bohai Sea.From the results of the numerical experiments with Coriolis parameter having positive and negative values respectively, it is found that the current pattern characterized by flowing into the Bohai Sea in the northern part of the Bohai Straits and flowing out of the Bohai Sea in the southern part of the Bohai Straits is controlled basically by the bottom topography with "the deepness on the northern side and shallowness on the southern side" in the Bohai Straits, and is not related to Coriolis parameter having positive and negative values.It also shows that the Huanghai Warm Current regarded as the inllow condition passing through the in-ports at the water boundary of the numerical experiments only influences the region near the water boundary and the eastern region of the Northern Huanghai Sea.In addition, the mechanism of the formation of several mesoscale eddies and the influence of the bottom topography on the wintertime circulation in the basin have been discussed.
Some numerical experiments have been developed to explain dynamically the mechanism of the formation of the wintertime circulation in the Northern Huanghai Sea and the Bohai Sea.From the results of the numerical experiments with Coriolis parameter having positive and negative values respectively, it is found that the current pattern characterized by flowing into the Bohai Sea in the northern part of the Bohai Straits and flowing out of the Bohai Sea in the southern part of the Bohai Straits is controlled basically by the bottom topography with "the deepness on the northern side and shallowness on the southern side" in the Bohai Straits, and is not related to Coriolis parameter having positive and negative values.It also shows that the Huanghai Warm Current regarded as the inllow condition passing through the in-ports at the water boundary of the numerical experiments only influences the region near the water boundary and the eastern region of the Northern Huanghai Sea.In addition, the mechanism of the formation of several mesoscale eddies and the influence of the bottom topography on the wintertime circulation in the basin have been discussed.
1989, (3): 337-350.
Abstract:
Using the fuzzy clustering as the principal method, eight water masses in the northern South China Sea (NSCS) are distinguished.They are Alongshore Diluted Water Mass (F), Nearshore Mixed Water Mass (M), Warm Surface Water Mass (WS), Surface Water Mass (S), Surface-Subsurface Mixed Water Mass (SU), Subsurface Water Mass (U), Subsurface-Intermediate Water Mass (UI) and Intermediate Water Mass (1).A synthertic study is made on the formations, basic properties and modified characters of each water mass and the regularities of their disributions and growth and decline variations.They may be classified into three types:the type of runoff-diluted water (F).the type of shallow sea-modified water (M, WS.S.and SU) and the type of deep sea-oceanic water (U, UI, and I).
Using the fuzzy clustering as the principal method, eight water masses in the northern South China Sea (NSCS) are distinguished.They are Alongshore Diluted Water Mass (F), Nearshore Mixed Water Mass (M), Warm Surface Water Mass (WS), Surface Water Mass (S), Surface-Subsurface Mixed Water Mass (SU), Subsurface Water Mass (U), Subsurface-Intermediate Water Mass (UI) and Intermediate Water Mass (1).A synthertic study is made on the formations, basic properties and modified characters of each water mass and the regularities of their disributions and growth and decline variations.They may be classified into three types:the type of runoff-diluted water (F).the type of shallow sea-modified water (M, WS.S.and SU) and the type of deep sea-oceanic water (U, UI, and I).
1989, (3): 351-358.
Abstract:
1989, (3): 359-366.
Abstract:
On the basis of the ideal of local scale similarity theory, the profile equations of wind, temperature and humidity for the eonvective marine boundary layer have been obtained.The marine boundary layer measurements were made over the western Pacific Ocean as past of the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Programme during Nov.1986-Feb.1987.The similarity profiles predicledfor wind, temperature and humidity in the MBL are in good agreement with the observational data.
On the basis of the ideal of local scale similarity theory, the profile equations of wind, temperature and humidity for the eonvective marine boundary layer have been obtained.The marine boundary layer measurements were made over the western Pacific Ocean as past of the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Programme during Nov.1986-Feb.1987.The similarity profiles predicledfor wind, temperature and humidity in the MBL are in good agreement with the observational data.
1989, (3): 367-378.
Abstract:
In this paper the seasonal variation and structural characteristics of the sea/land breeze in the northern coastal area of Shandong Peninsula are studied in two ways:one is the analysis of the observed wind data, and the other is numerical simulation and experiments.Firstly, the hour to hour wind data through the year 1984 at Longkou Meteorological Station and Yantai Oceanographic Station are analysed through energy spectra and hodograph.It is revealed from the analysed results that the effects of the sea/land breeze in the area are notable in spring, summer and fall, especially in May.However, in winter the effects of sea/land breeze are not obvious.because the cold noitherly is prevailing.Secondly, a two-dimensional non-linear model of primitive equations is used to study the sea/land breeze circulation in May in the area.The results of numerical simulation consist basically with the analysed results of the observed sea/land breeze.
In this paper the seasonal variation and structural characteristics of the sea/land breeze in the northern coastal area of Shandong Peninsula are studied in two ways:one is the analysis of the observed wind data, and the other is numerical simulation and experiments.Firstly, the hour to hour wind data through the year 1984 at Longkou Meteorological Station and Yantai Oceanographic Station are analysed through energy spectra and hodograph.It is revealed from the analysed results that the effects of the sea/land breeze in the area are notable in spring, summer and fall, especially in May.However, in winter the effects of sea/land breeze are not obvious.because the cold noitherly is prevailing.Secondly, a two-dimensional non-linear model of primitive equations is used to study the sea/land breeze circulation in May in the area.The results of numerical simulation consist basically with the analysed results of the observed sea/land breeze.
1989, (3): 379-390.
Abstract:
Sea-ice is an important operational item for real timely monitoring and forecasting marine environment of China.This paper introduces an operational method of satellite remote sensing to monitor sea-ice using quantitative data of NOAA, and its contents include computer processing of AVHRR sounding data of NOAA and its program design, imagery processing of sea-ice imagery from satellite and their thematic analysis.The sea-ice satellite colour imageries processed via this software system are able to interpret sea-ice pattern, characterizing it by thickness, maximum position of ice boundary, floe concentration and dynamic process of ice changing.At the same time, analyses of the ice condition of the Bohai Sea for the two-year period (1986-1988) as monitored by satellite have been summarized.
Sea-ice is an important operational item for real timely monitoring and forecasting marine environment of China.This paper introduces an operational method of satellite remote sensing to monitor sea-ice using quantitative data of NOAA, and its contents include computer processing of AVHRR sounding data of NOAA and its program design, imagery processing of sea-ice imagery from satellite and their thematic analysis.The sea-ice satellite colour imageries processed via this software system are able to interpret sea-ice pattern, characterizing it by thickness, maximum position of ice boundary, floe concentration and dynamic process of ice changing.At the same time, analyses of the ice condition of the Bohai Sea for the two-year period (1986-1988) as monitored by satellite have been summarized.
1989, (3): 391-400.
Abstract:
Elemental compositions are measured in manganese nodules collected from the Northern Mid-Pacific floor by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (1CP-AES) and their growth rates are determined by radiometric methods.The result shows that depth distributions of elements in nodules vary with depth as follows; (ⅰ) increase, (ⅱ) decrease and (ⅲ) fluctuation.These internodule variations in elemental compositions are considered to be caused by diffusion and migration of elements in nodules and heterogeneities in textures of nodules.In the present paper, a diffusive model is used to elucidate the inward-increase profile of some elements in nodules.The effective diffusive coefficients are estimated to be of the order of 10-9 cm2/a for Ni, V and Zn in the nodules, which is less than the value reported for radionuclides.
Elemental compositions are measured in manganese nodules collected from the Northern Mid-Pacific floor by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (1CP-AES) and their growth rates are determined by radiometric methods.The result shows that depth distributions of elements in nodules vary with depth as follows; (ⅰ) increase, (ⅱ) decrease and (ⅲ) fluctuation.These internodule variations in elemental compositions are considered to be caused by diffusion and migration of elements in nodules and heterogeneities in textures of nodules.In the present paper, a diffusive model is used to elucidate the inward-increase profile of some elements in nodules.The effective diffusive coefficients are estimated to be of the order of 10-9 cm2/a for Ni, V and Zn in the nodules, which is less than the value reported for radionuclides.
1989, (3): 401-408.
Abstract:
Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and ultra-clean room approach are successfully used in the determination of Cd, Pb and Zn in seawater and the sample pretreatment of analysis.The precision in the determination of Cd, Pb and Zn in seawater is better than ±3% and the limits of detection are 6×10-12, 6×10-11 and 2.4×10-10 respectively.The effects of sample pretreatment such as filtration and acidification on the results of determination of Cd-Pb and Zn in seawater are disscussed.
Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and ultra-clean room approach are successfully used in the determination of Cd, Pb and Zn in seawater and the sample pretreatment of analysis.The precision in the determination of Cd, Pb and Zn in seawater is better than ±3% and the limits of detection are 6×10-12, 6×10-11 and 2.4×10-10 respectively.The effects of sample pretreatment such as filtration and acidification on the results of determination of Cd-Pb and Zn in seawater are disscussed.
1989, (3): 409-422.
Abstract:
This pilot study attempts to demonstrate some underlying scanning electron microscopy themes of quartz grain surface textures.A variety of textural patterns and individual features are described for grains selected from various littoral environments.An attempt was made to differentiate samples on surface textures alone, but limitations of using this technique in sedimentological isolation were apparent.Statistical analysis of checklist data and photographic evidence revealed some of the more important feature combinations used in environmental diagnosis.The use of discriminant analysis provided quantitative sample separation.
This pilot study attempts to demonstrate some underlying scanning electron microscopy themes of quartz grain surface textures.A variety of textural patterns and individual features are described for grains selected from various littoral environments.An attempt was made to differentiate samples on surface textures alone, but limitations of using this technique in sedimentological isolation were apparent.Statistical analysis of checklist data and photographic evidence revealed some of the more important feature combinations used in environmental diagnosis.The use of discriminant analysis provided quantitative sample separation.
1989, (3): 423-429.
Abstract:
Under the artificial condition the 59Fe morphology in sea water, its concentration in sediment and phytoplankton, its distribution and metabolism in tissue organs of marine animals were studied.The results showed that the morphology of 59Fe was in a particulate state in sea water.The adsorption rule of 59Fe by three kinds of sediments was similar.The concentration ability of 59Fe by phytoplankton was very strong.The critical concentration organs of 59Fe by marine animals were viscera.The gross radioactivity of 59Fe was mainly concentrated in protein.The concentration factor of 59Fe by DNA was the highest one.After excretion experiment, 59Fe of all the tissue organs was not detected.Small part of59Fe remained in the organic acid and protein state.There was a redistribution process in sediment for59Fe.
Under the artificial condition the 59Fe morphology in sea water, its concentration in sediment and phytoplankton, its distribution and metabolism in tissue organs of marine animals were studied.The results showed that the morphology of 59Fe was in a particulate state in sea water.The adsorption rule of 59Fe by three kinds of sediments was similar.The concentration ability of 59Fe by phytoplankton was very strong.The critical concentration organs of 59Fe by marine animals were viscera.The gross radioactivity of 59Fe was mainly concentrated in protein.The concentration factor of 59Fe by DNA was the highest one.After excretion experiment, 59Fe of all the tissue organs was not detected.Small part of59Fe remained in the organic acid and protein state.There was a redistribution process in sediment for59Fe.
1989, (3): 431-440.
Abstract:
Investigations on the preparation, structure and biochemical characteristics of tropomyosin (Tm) of Acetes japonicus, A.chinensis and Pseudeuphausia sinica, collected from Xiamen coastal water, show that:(1) Tm could be isolated by salting fractionation in the range of 20-35% ammonium sulphate saturation, and the contents of them are 0.86%, 0.87% and 0.70% of dry weight respectively. (2) Molecular weight of Acetes detected by SDS-PAGE method is 3.3-3.6×104, while that of P.sinica, 3.2-3.5×104. (3) Isoelectric points of all the three Tm determined by isoelectric focusing method are at about pH 5.0. (4) Crystalline spindles of above three Tm can be formed in phosphate buffer containing Mg++ at pH 4.8 or pH 7.2, showing cross striations with a repeat period of 38-40 nm under the electron microscope by negative staining, and there are fine lines at irregular intervals in each striation. (5) The characteristics of the chemical composition of three Tm reveal that the strong polar amino acids account for more than 54% of the total amount, and the acidic amino acids, 38-41%.
Investigations on the preparation, structure and biochemical characteristics of tropomyosin (Tm) of Acetes japonicus, A.chinensis and Pseudeuphausia sinica, collected from Xiamen coastal water, show that:(1) Tm could be isolated by salting fractionation in the range of 20-35% ammonium sulphate saturation, and the contents of them are 0.86%, 0.87% and 0.70% of dry weight respectively. (2) Molecular weight of Acetes detected by SDS-PAGE method is 3.3-3.6×104, while that of P.sinica, 3.2-3.5×104. (3) Isoelectric points of all the three Tm determined by isoelectric focusing method are at about pH 5.0. (4) Crystalline spindles of above three Tm can be formed in phosphate buffer containing Mg++ at pH 4.8 or pH 7.2, showing cross striations with a repeat period of 38-40 nm under the electron microscope by negative staining, and there are fine lines at irregular intervals in each striation. (5) The characteristics of the chemical composition of three Tm reveal that the strong polar amino acids account for more than 54% of the total amount, and the acidic amino acids, 38-41%.
1989, (3): 441-443.
Abstract:
A new genus and a new species have been established on the basis of three specimens collected from Fujian's coastal zone in China.This new genus is named Laevispinereis.Its brief characters are as follows:oral ring of proboscis has papillae, maxillary ring has conical paragnaths; the peristomium greatly expands into a collar; notosetaes are homogomph spinigers, neurosetaes are homogomph spinigers and homogomph falcigers; tip of spinigers setae with minute serratures and smooth on side.The type of genus is Laevispinereis fujianensis sp.nov., it has conical paragnaths on maxillary ring of proboscis:Ⅰ has 1; Ⅱ has 6-7:Ⅲ has 12;Ⅳ has 6-7.
A new genus and a new species have been established on the basis of three specimens collected from Fujian's coastal zone in China.This new genus is named Laevispinereis.Its brief characters are as follows:oral ring of proboscis has papillae, maxillary ring has conical paragnaths; the peristomium greatly expands into a collar; notosetaes are homogomph spinigers, neurosetaes are homogomph spinigers and homogomph falcigers; tip of spinigers setae with minute serratures and smooth on side.The type of genus is Laevispinereis fujianensis sp.nov., it has conical paragnaths on maxillary ring of proboscis:Ⅰ has 1; Ⅱ has 6-7:Ⅲ has 12;Ⅳ has 6-7.
1989, (3): 445-455.
Abstract:
In this paper, the irregular wave force on a cylindrical pier group is calculated by the method of spectrum analysis, and the coefficients of the group effect of piers in the pier group are given here.The calculated results, using P-M and Bretshneider's. (B's) spectra, are obtained for the cases of 2 piers, 3 piers and 4 piers.To compare these results with those obtained for regular waves, we can come to some significant conclusions.Under the action of the irregular wave, when the distance between the piers in the pier group increases, the coefficient of the group effect decreases and tends rapidly to the case of a single pier.In general, when the ratio of the distance between the piers to the diameter of the pier is greater than 4, the group effect can be neglected.
In this paper, the irregular wave force on a cylindrical pier group is calculated by the method of spectrum analysis, and the coefficients of the group effect of piers in the pier group are given here.The calculated results, using P-M and Bretshneider's. (B's) spectra, are obtained for the cases of 2 piers, 3 piers and 4 piers.To compare these results with those obtained for regular waves, we can come to some significant conclusions.Under the action of the irregular wave, when the distance between the piers in the pier group increases, the coefficient of the group effect decreases and tends rapidly to the case of a single pier.In general, when the ratio of the distance between the piers to the diameter of the pier is greater than 4, the group effect can be neglected.
1989, (3): 457-462.
Abstract:
1989, (3): 462-464.
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1989, (3): 464-466.
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