1985 Vol. 4, No. 3
Display Method:
1985, (3): 337-348.
Abstract:
Having determined the properties of the modified water-masses in the light of the relative value and seasonal variation of temperature-salinity, we have, according to the TS-comparison method, used the stepwise cluster analysis method to determine the monthly water-masses at the surface and the bottom layers in the Huanghai Sea from 1978 to 1980.The advantages and disadvantages of the method and the relationship between the fishing grounds and the water-masses are discussed in this paper.
Having determined the properties of the modified water-masses in the light of the relative value and seasonal variation of temperature-salinity, we have, according to the TS-comparison method, used the stepwise cluster analysis method to determine the monthly water-masses at the surface and the bottom layers in the Huanghai Sea from 1978 to 1980.The advantages and disadvantages of the method and the relationship between the fishing grounds and the water-masses are discussed in this paper.
1985, (3): 349-358.
Abstract:
A rather complete sea ice model is given, which deals with not only thermodynamic and dynamic processes commonly used in previous models of sea ice but also a melting process of ice driven into warmer waters.A series of numerical experiments have been carried out in order to search after a mechanism of the growth and decay of sea ice in the Bohai sea, and the principal result shows that the melting process of sea ice driven into the warmer waters must be taken into consideration when the ice condition in such a partially frozen sea as the Bohai Sea is calculated.
A rather complete sea ice model is given, which deals with not only thermodynamic and dynamic processes commonly used in previous models of sea ice but also a melting process of ice driven into warmer waters.A series of numerical experiments have been carried out in order to search after a mechanism of the growth and decay of sea ice in the Bohai sea, and the principal result shows that the melting process of sea ice driven into the warmer waters must be taken into consideration when the ice condition in such a partially frozen sea as the Bohai Sea is calculated.
1985, (3): 359-373.
Abstract:
This paper analyses the seabed reflection coefficient of the "geoacoustic model" of continental terrace in shallow water, which includes two kinds of parametres:the "type parameters" and the "structure parameters".
For small grazing angle, the "structure parameters" become nonsensitive in a certain band of sound frequency and the reflection coefficient is determined by the "type parameters".However, the former are sensitive for "low sound speed" sea floors.
For large grazing angle, the "structure parameters" affect sound reflection character greatly.
This paper analyses the seabed reflection coefficient of the "geoacoustic model" of continental terrace in shallow water, which includes two kinds of parametres:the "type parameters" and the "structure parameters".
For small grazing angle, the "structure parameters" become nonsensitive in a certain band of sound frequency and the reflection coefficient is determined by the "type parameters".However, the former are sensitive for "low sound speed" sea floors.
For large grazing angle, the "structure parameters" affect sound reflection character greatly.
1985, (3): 374-381.
Abstract:
In this paper, using monthly mean vertical circulation maps in April and July of 1969, 1980, 1972, 1978 and 10-year mean maps of April and July, we have investigated the relationship between the subtropical circulation and the persistent droughts and floods in summer in middle and lower Changjiang valleys.It is found that the subtropical high between the east of the West Pacific and the Middle Pacific in lower troposphere during spring and summer of flood years in middle and lower Changjiang valleys is stronger than that of drought years.
The zonal vertical circulation of subtropical zone in the Middle Pacific has persistent characters from spring to summer during flood years.Besides, owing to the fact that the zonal vertical circulation from the South China Sea to the Middle Pacific in spring of drought and flood years has significant difference, we can use the vertical circulation map of spring along with their climate mean to revise the forecasts issued last winter.
In this paper, using monthly mean vertical circulation maps in April and July of 1969, 1980, 1972, 1978 and 10-year mean maps of April and July, we have investigated the relationship between the subtropical circulation and the persistent droughts and floods in summer in middle and lower Changjiang valleys.It is found that the subtropical high between the east of the West Pacific and the Middle Pacific in lower troposphere during spring and summer of flood years in middle and lower Changjiang valleys is stronger than that of drought years.
The zonal vertical circulation of subtropical zone in the Middle Pacific has persistent characters from spring to summer during flood years.Besides, owing to the fact that the zonal vertical circulation from the South China Sea to the Middle Pacific in spring of drought and flood years has significant difference, we can use the vertical circulation map of spring along with their climate mean to revise the forecasts issued last winter.
1985, (3): 382-394.
Abstract:
The correlation coefficients between the typhoon frequencies for the seven regions in East Asia (i.e.Xisha, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Shanghai, Naha, Kagoshima and Nagoya) and the monthly-mean sea surface temperature (SST) from 2 years before to 1 year after are calculated, indicating that the most significant correlation appears in the period from the summer of 2 years before to the summer of 1 year before.During this period negative correlations are located in the northwestern part of the North Pacific while the positive ones located in the southeastern part.It is found that the positive correlations change into the negative ones in Equatorial East Pacific in the same year (simultaneous correlation).The high-level correlation region in 1 year after is found in the area of Alaska Current.It is also suggested that there are interannual variations of about 1, 1.5 and 2 years for the changes of the correlation intensity.
The correlation coefficients between the typhoon frequencies for the seven regions in East Asia (i.e.Xisha, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Shanghai, Naha, Kagoshima and Nagoya) and the monthly-mean sea surface temperature (SST) from 2 years before to 1 year after are calculated, indicating that the most significant correlation appears in the period from the summer of 2 years before to the summer of 1 year before.During this period negative correlations are located in the northwestern part of the North Pacific while the positive ones located in the southeastern part.It is found that the positive correlations change into the negative ones in Equatorial East Pacific in the same year (simultaneous correlation).The high-level correlation region in 1 year after is found in the area of Alaska Current.It is also suggested that there are interannual variations of about 1, 1.5 and 2 years for the changes of the correlation intensity.
1985, (3): 395-401.
Abstract:
Tungsten and molybdenum in seawater can be sensitively and accurately determined by the polarographic catalytic wave.In a supporting electrolyte containing HCl-benzilic acid-Nad, tungsten has a clear and stable catalytic wave.Then, the peak current of molybdenum increases as KClO3 is added into the above medium.The sensitivity of the proposed method is 5×10-2 M for W and 6×10-10 M for Mo, respectively.
This method is an extremely quick, sensitive one and is suitable for the analysis of various kinds of water.
Tungsten and molybdenum in seawater can be sensitively and accurately determined by the polarographic catalytic wave.In a supporting electrolyte containing HCl-benzilic acid-Nad, tungsten has a clear and stable catalytic wave.Then, the peak current of molybdenum increases as KClO3 is added into the above medium.The sensitivity of the proposed method is 5×10-2 M for W and 6×10-10 M for Mo, respectively.
This method is an extremely quick, sensitive one and is suitable for the analysis of various kinds of water.
1985, (3): 402-410.
Abstract:
A method of electrodeposit-PbSO4 precipitation-β counting has been developed for the determination of 210Pb in marine sediments.The chemical yield of lead is 85-90%, coincident with radiochemical yield.The decontamination factors for 90Sr, 106Ru, 137Cs, 60Co, 65Zn, 55+59Fe and 54Mn are greater than 103.The precision is 2.9%.The typical 210Pb profiles of five cores were successfully obtained in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent continental shelf.The sedimentation rates of the cores from five stations of G8132, G8133.G8134, G8135 and G8139 are 0.72, 0.86, 0.37, 0.33 and 0.42 cm/yr respectively.
A method of electrodeposit-PbSO4 precipitation-β counting has been developed for the determination of 210Pb in marine sediments.The chemical yield of lead is 85-90%, coincident with radiochemical yield.The decontamination factors for 90Sr, 106Ru, 137Cs, 60Co, 65Zn, 55+59Fe and 54Mn are greater than 103.The precision is 2.9%.The typical 210Pb profiles of five cores were successfully obtained in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent continental shelf.The sedimentation rates of the cores from five stations of G8132, G8133.G8134, G8135 and G8139 are 0.72, 0.86, 0.37, 0.33 and 0.42 cm/yr respectively.
1985, (3): 411-416.
Abstract:
A procedure is suggested for direct determination of Sr in seawater using diluted seawater sample and background emission correction by FES.The standard deviation for 8 ppm Sr is better then 2%, and the recovery of the added Sr is 97-105%.
A procedure is suggested for direct determination of Sr in seawater using diluted seawater sample and background emission correction by FES.The standard deviation for 8 ppm Sr is better then 2%, and the recovery of the added Sr is 97-105%.
1985, (3): 417-422.
Abstract:
The mechanism of uranium adsorption from seawater by polyacrylamidoxime resin is investigated by means of the experiments of adsorption isotherm and adsorption rate.The uranium uptake increases with the adsorption temperature and varies with the pH of seawater.Thermochemical and kinetic calculation show that the enthalpy change (△H) and the activation energy (E) of the uranium adsorption are 42.4 42.4 kJ mol-1 and 41.2 kJ mol-1 respectively, indicating that the uranium adsorption on the resin proceeds via a certain complex chemical reaction in which the amidoxime group in the resin chelates uranyl ions.
The mechanism of uranium adsorption from seawater by polyacrylamidoxime resin is investigated by means of the experiments of adsorption isotherm and adsorption rate.The uranium uptake increases with the adsorption temperature and varies with the pH of seawater.Thermochemical and kinetic calculation show that the enthalpy change (△H) and the activation energy (E) of the uranium adsorption are 42.4 42.4 kJ mol-1 and 41.2 kJ mol-1 respectively, indicating that the uranium adsorption on the resin proceeds via a certain complex chemical reaction in which the amidoxime group in the resin chelates uranyl ions.
1985, (3): 423-432.
Abstract:
Tidal inlets should be distinguished from tidal channels which connect open sea at both ends.In China, tidal inlets may be grouped into (1) embayment-lagoon type on sandy or rocky coast, (2) estua-rine inlets on the mouths of small or medium rivers which may be on mud plain coast, and (3) artificial inlets enclosed by breakwaters.Improvement of navigation channels of these inlets follows the same principle using O'Brien P-A formula.Where accurate oceanographical and littoral drift data are not available, a careful analysis of coastal morphology and sedimentology may provide a useful clue for the evaluation of the value of inlets in navigation.
Tidal inlets should be distinguished from tidal channels which connect open sea at both ends.In China, tidal inlets may be grouped into (1) embayment-lagoon type on sandy or rocky coast, (2) estua-rine inlets on the mouths of small or medium rivers which may be on mud plain coast, and (3) artificial inlets enclosed by breakwaters.Improvement of navigation channels of these inlets follows the same principle using O'Brien P-A formula.Where accurate oceanographical and littoral drift data are not available, a careful analysis of coastal morphology and sedimentology may provide a useful clue for the evaluation of the value of inlets in navigation.
1985, (3): 433-442.
Abstract:
The intertidal zone of the Zhujiang River mouth tidal flat is about 570, 000 mu in total, and the tidal flat of the subtidal zone (shallower than -2 m of the Huanghai Sea base level) is 560, 000 mu.The two types, silty mud and argillaceous silt, are predominant in the tidal flat area, which can be divided into five types in terms of origin:1) river mouth sand spit-subaqueous natural levee type; 2) river mouth bar type; 3) bay head type; 4) around the island type; and 5) marginal flat type.The tidal flat of the Zhujiang River mouth belongs to the depositional type and is constantly accumulating silt while extending, with an average land formation of 8, 940 mu/yr in 97 years (1883-1980).
The intertidal zone of the Zhujiang River mouth tidal flat is about 570, 000 mu in total, and the tidal flat of the subtidal zone (shallower than -2 m of the Huanghai Sea base level) is 560, 000 mu.The two types, silty mud and argillaceous silt, are predominant in the tidal flat area, which can be divided into five types in terms of origin:1) river mouth sand spit-subaqueous natural levee type; 2) river mouth bar type; 3) bay head type; 4) around the island type; and 5) marginal flat type.The tidal flat of the Zhujiang River mouth belongs to the depositional type and is constantly accumulating silt while extending, with an average land formation of 8, 940 mu/yr in 97 years (1883-1980).
1985, (3): 443-452.
Abstract:
By the analysis of a practical calculation, this paper describes, for the first time in China, the gravimetric method on the calculation of the height anomaly and the deflection of vertical in the ocean by Stokes' and Vening Meinesz's formula.There are 84 calculation points distributed uniformlic in a calculated area of 2°×2° in the Mid-Pacific.In the course of the calculation, the gravimetric data measured by us, the 1°×1° mean gravity data published in other countries and the 25-ordeic gravitational coefficients of GEM8 were used.The results (Fig.2b) show that the calculated area is an uplift of the geoid, with a mean height anomaly of 42 m, the maximum being 45 m and the minimum 39 m.In the whole calculated area, the variation of the deflection of vertical is rather small, with the maximum 7"·1 and the minimum -0"·2.The major causes of the calculation errors are pointed out and the calculation results are compaired with the data from the satellite altimeter.
By the analysis of a practical calculation, this paper describes, for the first time in China, the gravimetric method on the calculation of the height anomaly and the deflection of vertical in the ocean by Stokes' and Vening Meinesz's formula.There are 84 calculation points distributed uniformlic in a calculated area of 2°×2° in the Mid-Pacific.In the course of the calculation, the gravimetric data measured by us, the 1°×1° mean gravity data published in other countries and the 25-ordeic gravitational coefficients of GEM8 were used.The results (Fig.2b) show that the calculated area is an uplift of the geoid, with a mean height anomaly of 42 m, the maximum being 45 m and the minimum 39 m.In the whole calculated area, the variation of the deflection of vertical is rather small, with the maximum 7"·1 and the minimum -0"·2.The major causes of the calculation errors are pointed out and the calculation results are compaired with the data from the satellite altimeter.
1985, (3): 453-462.
Abstract:
The sea receives an enormous variety of wastes from direct discharges or, indirectly, from rivers or by rain or precipitation from the atmosphere.In some areas, toxic wastesaccumulate in sufficient quantity to create a threat to human health or to damagefisheries or other natural resources.It is necessary to be able to measure the effects ofpollution in the sea.This paper is concerned with the problems of assessing the impactof marine pollution on biological systems.
The sea receives an enormous variety of wastes from direct discharges or, indirectly, from rivers or by rain or precipitation from the atmosphere.In some areas, toxic wastesaccumulate in sufficient quantity to create a threat to human health or to damagefisheries or other natural resources.It is necessary to be able to measure the effects ofpollution in the sea.This paper is concerned with the problems of assessing the impactof marine pollution on biological systems.
1985, (3): 463-470.
Abstract:
Using 203HgCl2 as a tracer, uptake and combination of inorganic mercury in Tilapia mossambica (petres) and its transfer between different tissues of the fish were studied.The results demonstrate that gill is the main tissue uptaking mercury directly from seawater and that the mercury in gill, skin, digestive tube and fin would be transferred to the other tissues.The result of gel chromatography with Sephadex G-75 shows that most of mercury in gill filaments, liver, and digestive tube are bound in high molecules (MW-70000) and not in metallothionein, but in kidney and bile mercury binding proteins are similar to metallothionein and are accounted for up to 60% and 46% respectively.
Using 203HgCl2 as a tracer, uptake and combination of inorganic mercury in Tilapia mossambica (petres) and its transfer between different tissues of the fish were studied.The results demonstrate that gill is the main tissue uptaking mercury directly from seawater and that the mercury in gill, skin, digestive tube and fin would be transferred to the other tissues.The result of gel chromatography with Sephadex G-75 shows that most of mercury in gill filaments, liver, and digestive tube are bound in high molecules (MW-70000) and not in metallothionein, but in kidney and bile mercury binding proteins are similar to metallothionein and are accounted for up to 60% and 46% respectively.
1985, (3): 471-476.
Abstract:
This article presents an instrumental analysis of the kinds and contents of basic amino acids contained in 9 planktonic algae specimens and a comparison between the nutritive value of amino acids in the 9 planktonic aglae and that of amino acids in prawn.Moreover, a comparison is made between contents of various planktonic algae amino acids essential to animails.It is concluded that such algae as N.Closterium., f.finutissima, C.Simplex var, CaIcitrans, P.tricornutum, Pla.Subcordiformis and S.costatum are nutritive foodstuffs.
This article presents an instrumental analysis of the kinds and contents of basic amino acids contained in 9 planktonic algae specimens and a comparison between the nutritive value of amino acids in the 9 planktonic aglae and that of amino acids in prawn.Moreover, a comparison is made between contents of various planktonic algae amino acids essential to animails.It is concluded that such algae as N.Closterium., f.finutissima, C.Simplex var, CaIcitrans, P.tricornutum, Pla.Subcordiformis and S.costatum are nutritive foodstuffs.
1985, (3): 477-489.
Abstract:
Starting from potential theory, this paper presents a new procedure for computing the hydrodynamic forces and six-degrees-of-freedom motion for a semi-submersible platform at an arbitrary heading in waves by using strip theory and linearized viscous damping hypothesis, taking the effects of the free surface and the interaction between main hulls into account.The differential equations of motion for the floating platform are formulated in a new way and the associated computer programs are developed.Comparisons between the theoretical computing results and the full-scale and model-scale experiments show that the present method gives more accurate results than those by previous methods.
Starting from potential theory, this paper presents a new procedure for computing the hydrodynamic forces and six-degrees-of-freedom motion for a semi-submersible platform at an arbitrary heading in waves by using strip theory and linearized viscous damping hypothesis, taking the effects of the free surface and the interaction between main hulls into account.The differential equations of motion for the floating platform are formulated in a new way and the associated computer programs are developed.Comparisons between the theoretical computing results and the full-scale and model-scale experiments show that the present method gives more accurate results than those by previous methods.
1985, (3): 490-501.
Abstract:
The distribution of wave height in front of a vertical breakwater, the range of wave pressure fluctuation at different subsurface levels, and the wave periods have shown that they are practically invariable with depth and can be determined theoretically.The distribution of crest and trough of total pressures is the same as that of wave height.As far as different subsurface levels are concerned, the spectral constitution of wave pressure field and the regularity of attenuation of spectral components are analyzed at the vertical breakwater, and a new expression describing the equilibrium range of wave pressure spectrum obtained.
The distribution of wave height in front of a vertical breakwater, the range of wave pressure fluctuation at different subsurface levels, and the wave periods have shown that they are practically invariable with depth and can be determined theoretically.The distribution of crest and trough of total pressures is the same as that of wave height.As far as different subsurface levels are concerned, the spectral constitution of wave pressure field and the regularity of attenuation of spectral components are analyzed at the vertical breakwater, and a new expression describing the equilibrium range of wave pressure spectrum obtained.
