1984 Vol. 3, No. 4
Display Method:
1984, (4): 451-461.
Abstract:
The statistical cluster analysis method is apulied to the modified water-masses in the shallow sea and a series of the experiments are carried out.A simple and convenient method for defining the quantity and boundary of water-masses and mixing zone from the hierarchicaltree is given by an improved hierarchical clustering methods.Two cluster methods of gradual examination are proposed and compared with the hierarchical clustering method.
The statistical cluster analysis method is apulied to the modified water-masses in the shallow sea and a series of the experiments are carried out.A simple and convenient method for defining the quantity and boundary of water-masses and mixing zone from the hierarchicaltree is given by an improved hierarchical clustering methods.Two cluster methods of gradual examination are proposed and compared with the hierarchical clustering method.
1984, (4): 462-470.
Abstract:
The local special feature of underwater ambient noise in the northern Huanghai sea has been investigated.The results obtained from the analysis of data measured for six days and nights have shown that the time-varying characterization of ambient noise spectrum level is remarkable and its fluctuation at every analyzed frequency band presents an equiform periodicity varying with time synchronously.The dependence of average ambient sea noise spectrum level on logarithmic wind speed within the middle range (16-30 knot) appears in "V" form.
The current Crouch's conclusion (1972) has been developed by us to be a mathematical model based on the segment correlation regression.Using this model to describe and expain the characterization of local ambient sea noise is available.
The local special feature of underwater ambient noise in the northern Huanghai sea has been investigated.The results obtained from the analysis of data measured for six days and nights have shown that the time-varying characterization of ambient noise spectrum level is remarkable and its fluctuation at every analyzed frequency band presents an equiform periodicity varying with time synchronously.The dependence of average ambient sea noise spectrum level on logarithmic wind speed within the middle range (16-30 knot) appears in "V" form.
The current Crouch's conclusion (1972) has been developed by us to be a mathematical model based on the segment correlation regression.Using this model to describe and expain the characterization of local ambient sea noise is available.
1984, (4): 471-476.
Abstract:
The variations of sea surface temperature (SST) on the east Pacific asd their relation to general atmospheric circulation are examined according to the data of the monthly mean SST and the 500mb level height for the period from January 1951 to December 1980.
The variations of sea surface temperature (SST) on the east Pacific asd their relation to general atmospheric circulation are examined according to the data of the monthly mean SST and the 500mb level height for the period from January 1951 to December 1980.
1984, (4): 477-487.
Abstract:
The average vertical distribution of equivalent potential temperature, horizontal divergerce, relative vorticity and vertical velocity overthe observation area were computed using 6-days NAVAID wind data from the R/V Shijian and R/V Xiangyanghong 09 during FGGE (the First GARP Global Experiment) and upper air sounding data of two island stations within the same period.Yanai's method[10] was used to compute the vertical distributions of the apparent heat source, apparent moisture sink and total eddy heat flux.Satellite cloud hotographs and surface meteorological measurements were used to subdivide the six days of observation into three disturbed days and three undisturbed or trade days.This paper describes the large-scale structure and heat budgets in the disturbed and trade wind periods and compared them with those of the trade wind regions of the Atlantic.Some interesting results of the structure and heat budgets of large-scale disturbances over the equatorial trough region in the western Pacific are given.
The average vertical distribution of equivalent potential temperature, horizontal divergerce, relative vorticity and vertical velocity overthe observation area were computed using 6-days NAVAID wind data from the R/V Shijian and R/V Xiangyanghong 09 during FGGE (the First GARP Global Experiment) and upper air sounding data of two island stations within the same period.Yanai's method[10] was used to compute the vertical distributions of the apparent heat source, apparent moisture sink and total eddy heat flux.Satellite cloud hotographs and surface meteorological measurements were used to subdivide the six days of observation into three disturbed days and three undisturbed or trade days.This paper describes the large-scale structure and heat budgets in the disturbed and trade wind periods and compared them with those of the trade wind regions of the Atlantic.Some interesting results of the structure and heat budgets of large-scale disturbances over the equatorial trough region in the western Pacific are given.
1984, (4): 488-498.
Abstract:
Based on a statistical analysis of monthly data for 1958-73, the East Equatorial Pacific centered at 130°W is considered as a key region for global climate variation, When the region is warm, the latent heat from the sea surface increases and the semipermanent systems in the golbal atmosphere become more active.
Based on a statistical analysis of monthly data for 1958-73, the East Equatorial Pacific centered at 130°W is considered as a key region for global climate variation, When the region is warm, the latent heat from the sea surface increases and the semipermanent systems in the golbal atmosphere become more active.
1984, (4): 499-507.
Abstract:
The adsorption of Pb, Cu and Cd on synthetic hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) has been performed under simulated environmental conditions of the Changjiang Estuary.An improved M2+-H+ exchange-adsorption model is proposed to explain the adsorption processes.The adsorption of these elements falls in the order:Pb ≥ Cu > Cd and has a good coincidence with the field results obtaimed from the Estuary.It has been concluded that the adsorption processes of Pb and Cu on HFO are mainly chemical actions, whereas static-electrical action dominates in the case of Cd.
The adsorption of Pb, Cu and Cd on synthetic hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) has been performed under simulated environmental conditions of the Changjiang Estuary.An improved M2+-H+ exchange-adsorption model is proposed to explain the adsorption processes.The adsorption of these elements falls in the order:Pb ≥ Cu > Cd and has a good coincidence with the field results obtaimed from the Estuary.It has been concluded that the adsorption processes of Pb and Cu on HFO are mainly chemical actions, whereas static-electrical action dominates in the case of Cd.
1984, (4): 508-516.
Abstract:
The adsorption kinetics of Pb, Cu and Cd on hydrous ferrk oxide (HFO) has been approached in tthe simulated environmental conditions of the Changjiang Estuary.The forward adsorption rate constants of different systems under different temperatures have been determined, and the activation energies of the adsorption for Pb and Cu evaluated (Pb=7 kcal/mol, Cu=11 kcal/mol).The results show that Pb and Cu are strongly adsorbed by HFO; the order of their adsorption rate is found to be Pb ≥ Cu ≥ Cd, which follows thte order of their theonody-namic equilibrium constants.It has been demonstrated that the surface exchange-adsorption is the determining step of the solid-liquid interface process.The field investigation results are theoretically explained by the kinetic mechanism.
The adsorption kinetics of Pb, Cu and Cd on hydrous ferrk oxide (HFO) has been approached in tthe simulated environmental conditions of the Changjiang Estuary.The forward adsorption rate constants of different systems under different temperatures have been determined, and the activation energies of the adsorption for Pb and Cu evaluated (Pb=7 kcal/mol, Cu=11 kcal/mol).The results show that Pb and Cu are strongly adsorbed by HFO; the order of their adsorption rate is found to be Pb ≥ Cu ≥ Cd, which follows thte order of their theonody-namic equilibrium constants.It has been demonstrated that the surface exchange-adsorption is the determining step of the solid-liquid interface process.The field investigation results are theoretically explained by the kinetic mechanism.
1984, (4): 517-526.
Abstract:
This paper presents a new method to determine trace silver in seawater, the Differential pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Method with Glassy Carbon-Gold Membrane Electrode in the Case of Laminar Flow, together with the description of its electrode structure, its principles and experimental conditions.Experimental results show that the reproducibility of glassy carbon electrode has been improved and the sensibility of determination of trace silver increased by combining the glassy carbon-gold membrane electrode with differential pulse stripping method in the case of laminar flow.
Determination could be conducted in non-preenriched natural seawater sample with an addition of HNO3 to 0.005 M and adistinct differential pulse anodic stripping peak be revealed.Sensibility is 2×10-10M, standard deviation (in six repeated tests) is ±2%, and recovery rate is 85-96%.Satisfactory results have been obtained in the determination of samples from the Xiamen Harbor and the high seas.
This paper presents a new method to determine trace silver in seawater, the Differential pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Method with Glassy Carbon-Gold Membrane Electrode in the Case of Laminar Flow, together with the description of its electrode structure, its principles and experimental conditions.Experimental results show that the reproducibility of glassy carbon electrode has been improved and the sensibility of determination of trace silver increased by combining the glassy carbon-gold membrane electrode with differential pulse stripping method in the case of laminar flow.
Determination could be conducted in non-preenriched natural seawater sample with an addition of HNO3 to 0.005 M and adistinct differential pulse anodic stripping peak be revealed.Sensibility is 2×10-10M, standard deviation (in six repeated tests) is ±2%, and recovery rate is 85-96%.Satisfactory results have been obtained in the determination of samples from the Xiamen Harbor and the high seas.
1984, (4): 527-538.
Abstract:
Based on the infotmadon and samples of sediments obtained from the geophysical and bathymetric surveys over an area about 450, 000 km2 (scale 1/1, 000, 000) in the East China Sea by the Natonal Bureau of Oceanography this peper describes the influence on the margin of the East Asia Continent exerted by the interaction of the Eurasian Pacific and Indo Plates since the Indo-China Movement, especially by the formation of the Philippine Sea Plate, which were the factors controlling the development of the sea domain.The origin and evolution of the East China Sea Basin, and the geotectonic characteristics and subdivision of the East China Sea are discussed.
Based on the infotmadon and samples of sediments obtained from the geophysical and bathymetric surveys over an area about 450, 000 km2 (scale 1/1, 000, 000) in the East China Sea by the Natonal Bureau of Oceanography this peper describes the influence on the margin of the East Asia Continent exerted by the interaction of the Eurasian Pacific and Indo Plates since the Indo-China Movement, especially by the formation of the Philippine Sea Plate, which were the factors controlling the development of the sea domain.The origin and evolution of the East China Sea Basin, and the geotectonic characteristics and subdivision of the East China Sea are discussed.
1984, (4): 539-546.
Abstract:
Four indexes of species diversity (H'), species richness (d), species evenness (J) and species dominance (D2) are used in this paper to analyse the.characteristics of the benthic faunal community structure in the soft-bottom intertidal zone along the northern coast of the Hang-zhou Bay.The results show a rather simple benthic faunal community structure in the survey area, with the average values of the four indexes from the five transects, namly, H'=2.06, d=3.34, J=0.46 and D2=0.73.Different degrees of the seasonal and regional variations have been observed from each index per transect.
Four indexes of species diversity (H'), species richness (d), species evenness (J) and species dominance (D2) are used in this paper to analyse the.characteristics of the benthic faunal community structure in the soft-bottom intertidal zone along the northern coast of the Hang-zhou Bay.The results show a rather simple benthic faunal community structure in the survey area, with the average values of the four indexes from the five transects, namly, H'=2.06, d=3.34, J=0.46 and D2=0.73.Different degrees of the seasonal and regional variations have been observed from each index per transect.
1984, (4): 547-558.
Abstract:
Monthly and seasonal panel experiments were carried out in the Yongxing Island from September 1979 to August 1981.Altogether 119 species of fouling organisms are collected, of which, Hydroides elegans, Serpula vermicularis, Scrupocellaria longispinosa, Amathia distant, Enteromorpha spp.and Ostrea spp.are dominant species.Fouling of organisms may occur all the year round with evident seasonal variations, Species succession in the process of community formation is very evident and the climax has arrived after two years.Great variation exists between fouling organisms in different years and at different stations.
Monthly and seasonal panel experiments were carried out in the Yongxing Island from September 1979 to August 1981.Altogether 119 species of fouling organisms are collected, of which, Hydroides elegans, Serpula vermicularis, Scrupocellaria longispinosa, Amathia distant, Enteromorpha spp.and Ostrea spp.are dominant species.Fouling of organisms may occur all the year round with evident seasonal variations, Species succession in the process of community formation is very evident and the climax has arrived after two years.Great variation exists between fouling organisms in different years and at different stations.
1984, (4): 559-567.
Abstract:
In 1980 and 1981 a multi-item investigation was carried out in the Bohai Sea for four seasons.The data collected from 90 stations have been analysed and wroked out.Presented in ths paper are some results on the distribution and seasonal variation of chlorophyll-a and the primary production thereof.
In 1980 and 1981 a multi-item investigation was carried out in the Bohai Sea for four seasons.The data collected from 90 stations have been analysed and wroked out.Presented in ths paper are some results on the distribution and seasonal variation of chlorophyll-a and the primary production thereof.
1984, (4): 568-573.
Abstract:
This paper shows that the use of sea soil extract instead of vitamin and biotin to culture Chaet.muelleri is possible.The effect of the different nitrogen sources on Chaetoceros muelleri was studied in order to suggest a more simple and better fertilizer for the mass culture of this species.
This paper shows that the use of sea soil extract instead of vitamin and biotin to culture Chaet.muelleri is possible.The effect of the different nitrogen sources on Chaetoceros muelleri was studied in order to suggest a more simple and better fertilizer for the mass culture of this species.
1984, (4): 574-585.
Abstract:
By means of photography the author has investigated the mechanism of wave and current motion to measure simultaneously orbital path, velocity and acceleration of water particles.This new experimental system consists of a camera, a special light source, an intermittent exposure unit and a chemical liquid tracer.
On the basis of theoretical analysis of combined effects of current and wave and the results of experiments, a model of total wave and current velocity is provided to calculate wave-current forces on a pile according to Morison's Formula.The calculated results from three different sets of wave and current data have been compared with experimental data and they are found in excellent agreement.
By means of photography the author has investigated the mechanism of wave and current motion to measure simultaneously orbital path, velocity and acceleration of water particles.This new experimental system consists of a camera, a special light source, an intermittent exposure unit and a chemical liquid tracer.
On the basis of theoretical analysis of combined effects of current and wave and the results of experiments, a model of total wave and current velocity is provided to calculate wave-current forces on a pile according to Morison's Formula.The calculated results from three different sets of wave and current data have been compared with experimental data and they are found in excellent agreement.
1984, (4): 586-595.
Abstract:
EEG and tremor of three divers are recorded during simulated He-O2 saturation diving at a depth of 302 m.The results ate as follows:
1.During the exposure to He-O2, a decrease in a rhythm and increase in activity of θ and wave appear in subjects' EEGs and sometimees characteristics with sleep stage I are shown in individual EEG,
2.During the exposure to He-O2.the increase in the amplitude of postural tremor in 4-8 Hz and 8-13 Hz is recorded and the increase of the amplitude of 8-13 Hz is more noticeable.
3.During the exposure to He-O2, all the divers suffered from fatigue, poor sleep and memory failure.These symptoms accorded with the records of the subjects' EEG and tremor.
EEG and tremor of three divers are recorded during simulated He-O2 saturation diving at a depth of 302 m.The results ate as follows:
1.During the exposure to He-O2, a decrease in a rhythm and increase in activity of θ and wave appear in subjects' EEGs and sometimees characteristics with sleep stage I are shown in individual EEG,
2.During the exposure to He-O2.the increase in the amplitude of postural tremor in 4-8 Hz and 8-13 Hz is recorded and the increase of the amplitude of 8-13 Hz is more noticeable.
3.During the exposure to He-O2, all the divers suffered from fatigue, poor sleep and memory failure.These symptoms accorded with the records of the subjects' EEG and tremor.
1984, (4): 596-596.
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1984, (4): 596-600.
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1984, (4): 600-600.
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1984, (4): 600-601.
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1984, (4): 601-601.
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1984, (4): 601-602.
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