1984 Vol. 3, No. 2
Display Method:
1984, (2): 151-160.
Abstract:
In winter, at the coast of China, the direction of swells is generally different from that of the winds, but we could not find the generation area of these coastal swells on the weather map. In this paper, the differences between the ‘coastal swells’ and the other swells are studied, and we realize that the ‘coastal swells’ are developed from the wind waves after refraction near the shore or developed from the coastvvard component of the wind waves.
In winter, at the coast of China, the direction of swells is generally different from that of the winds, but we could not find the generation area of these coastal swells on the weather map. In this paper, the differences between the ‘coastal swells’ and the other swells are studied, and we realize that the ‘coastal swells’ are developed from the wind waves after refraction near the shore or developed from the coastvvard component of the wind waves.
INFLUENCE OF SEDIMENT SOUND VELOCITY ON TIME-FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SIGNAL IN THE DEEP SEA
1984, (2): 161-171.
Abstract:
This paper uses acoustical method to obtain the sound speed structure information of the deep sea sediment. The time-frequency characteristics of the explosive sound signals in the deep sea are analysed by using the narrow-band filters, and the bottom-reflecting path and bottom-refracting path are separated in time domain. Based on the two kinds of selected bottom models the travel-time difference between the two paths mentioned above is calculated according to the ray theory, and simple analytical formulae are obtained. The bottom model, which is more suitable for the experimental area, is identified by comparing the theoretical with experimental travel-time differences versus range.
This paper uses acoustical method to obtain the sound speed structure information of the deep sea sediment. The time-frequency characteristics of the explosive sound signals in the deep sea are analysed by using the narrow-band filters, and the bottom-reflecting path and bottom-refracting path are separated in time domain. Based on the two kinds of selected bottom models the travel-time difference between the two paths mentioned above is calculated according to the ray theory, and simple analytical formulae are obtained. The bottom model, which is more suitable for the experimental area, is identified by comparing the theoretical with experimental travel-time differences versus range.
1984, (2): 172-180.
Abstract:
By using occanographic data during 1955-1978, we have analysed aspects of volume transport variation of the Kuroshio tor PN-linc in the East China Sea, and relationships between volume transport variation of the Kuroshio and the subtropical high pressure (SHP) of the Pacific. We have found that volume transport of the Kuroshio is closely related to the long-period oscillations of the subtropical high pressure for 8-9 years and 2-3 years, respectively. The subtropical high pressure has a phase lag behind compared with volume transport of the Kuroshio. In addition, the seasonal volume transport of the Kuroshio is closely related to the subtropical high pressure, too. The results show that volume transport variation of the Kuroshio has certain influence on future variation of the subtropical high pressure. Therefore, the volume transport of the Kuroshio may be an important parameter lor long-period forecasting of the subtropical high pressure.
By using occanographic data during 1955-1978, we have analysed aspects of volume transport variation of the Kuroshio tor PN-linc in the East China Sea, and relationships between volume transport variation of the Kuroshio and the subtropical high pressure (SHP) of the Pacific. We have found that volume transport of the Kuroshio is closely related to the long-period oscillations of the subtropical high pressure for 8-9 years and 2-3 years, respectively. The subtropical high pressure has a phase lag behind compared with volume transport of the Kuroshio. In addition, the seasonal volume transport of the Kuroshio is closely related to the subtropical high pressure, too. The results show that volume transport variation of the Kuroshio has certain influence on future variation of the subtropical high pressure. Therefore, the volume transport of the Kuroshio may be an important parameter lor long-period forecasting of the subtropical high pressure.
1984, (2): 181-191.
Abstract:
In this paper, the relationship between the crop yield in three different regions, the northern part of China, the northeast China and Heilongjiang Province, and the monthly mean sea surface temperature (SST) in the northwest Pacific Ocean is analysed preliminarily; the time and space distribution of the sea areas with high value correlation coefficients (HVCC) between the meteorological crop yield (MY) and the monthly mean SST is given; and crop yields in these regions are simulated by the monthly mean SST. Results obtained show that the stabler relationship between the crop yield in some large regions and the monthly mean SST is presented, so that we can forecast the crop yield in these regions using the monthly mean SST of the sea areas with HVCC.
In this paper, the relationship between the crop yield in three different regions, the northern part of China, the northeast China and Heilongjiang Province, and the monthly mean sea surface temperature (SST) in the northwest Pacific Ocean is analysed preliminarily; the time and space distribution of the sea areas with high value correlation coefficients (HVCC) between the meteorological crop yield (MY) and the monthly mean SST is given; and crop yields in these regions are simulated by the monthly mean SST. Results obtained show that the stabler relationship between the crop yield in some large regions and the monthly mean SST is presented, so that we can forecast the crop yield in these regions using the monthly mean SST of the sea areas with HVCC.
1984, (2): 192-204.
Abstract:
By adopting the β plane approximation in the neighbourhood of the equator and neglecting the nonlinear terms in the barntropic primitive equations, particular solutions art obtained under the steady condition. From these, we find that in the neighbourhood of the equator, the large scale low level jet (LLJ) is mainly determined by the inertia effect of the earth's rotation, the depth of the equivalent fluid layer and the frictional effect of the earth's surface. By using the Green function to obtain an exact solution for the system of equations, the meridional component is obtained. However, the low level wind fields obtained by both approaches generally agree with the actuality.
By adopting the β plane approximation in the neighbourhood of the equator and neglecting the nonlinear terms in the barntropic primitive equations, particular solutions art obtained under the steady condition. From these, we find that in the neighbourhood of the equator, the large scale low level jet (LLJ) is mainly determined by the inertia effect of the earth's rotation, the depth of the equivalent fluid layer and the frictional effect of the earth's surface. By using the Green function to obtain an exact solution for the system of equations, the meridional component is obtained. However, the low level wind fields obtained by both approaches generally agree with the actuality.
1984, (2): 205-211.
Abstract:
A number of dictating resins have been synthesized for extracting uranium from scawatcr. The feasibilities of extracting uranium directly from seawater by synthesizing chelating resins have been investigated by studying three factors:
(1) the chelating ability of the resins for uranyl ion;
(2) the competitive complex of calcium, magnesium and other cations with uranyl ion;
(3) the competitive complex of carbonate ion with uranyl ion.
It is suggested that the competitive complex of carbonate ion with uranyl ion should be the most important factor.
A number of dictating resins have been synthesized for extracting uranium from scawatcr. The feasibilities of extracting uranium directly from seawater by synthesizing chelating resins have been investigated by studying three factors:
(1) the chelating ability of the resins for uranyl ion;
(2) the competitive complex of calcium, magnesium and other cations with uranyl ion;
(3) the competitive complex of carbonate ion with uranyl ion.
It is suggested that the competitive complex of carbonate ion with uranyl ion should be the most important factor.
1984, (2): 212-220.
Abstract:
The authors have determined the distributions of Ph, Cu and Cd ia surface sediment, acid-soluble fraction and interstitial water of the Changjiang Estuary and analysed the relationship between them and some environmental parameters, finding that there exists a quasi-equilibrium between the interstitial water and the sediment. The distribution of Pb or Cu in both phases it controlled mainly by the adsorptioa-desorption and deposition-solution processes of HFO1) and org.2) in the sediments, whereas Cd is mainly controlled by the depoahisn-Jolution process of CdS. The sedimentation mechanism of Ph, Cu and Cd in the Changjlang Estuary is preliminarily proposed.
The authors have determined the distributions of Ph, Cu and Cd ia surface sediment, acid-soluble fraction and interstitial water of the Changjiang Estuary and analysed the relationship between them and some environmental parameters, finding that there exists a quasi-equilibrium between the interstitial water and the sediment. The distribution of Pb or Cu in both phases it controlled mainly by the adsorptioa-desorption and deposition-solution processes of HFO1) and org.2) in the sediments, whereas Cd is mainly controlled by the depoahisn-Jolution process of CdS. The sedimentation mechanism of Ph, Cu and Cd in the Changjlang Estuary is preliminarily proposed.
1984, (2): 221-225.
Abstract:
An analytical method is proposed for the direct determination of Cd in seawater by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry and the derivative technique with a hanging mercury drop electrode. The process of determination is quick, simple and convenient. The concentration of Cd in seawater is only determined by adjusting the acidity of seawater to pH 2 and by taking three minutes' plating time. Sensitivity of the method is about 1×10-10M, and accuracy of that satisfactory. Relative standard deviation is about 12% when the concentration of Cd in seawater is approximately 0.04 ppb. A good agreement was obtained by a standard curve and a standard addition technique respectively from determining Cd in the same seawater. Actual measurement time per sample is about 10 min.
An analytical method is proposed for the direct determination of Cd in seawater by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry and the derivative technique with a hanging mercury drop electrode. The process of determination is quick, simple and convenient. The concentration of Cd in seawater is only determined by adjusting the acidity of seawater to pH 2 and by taking three minutes' plating time. Sensitivity of the method is about 1×10-10M, and accuracy of that satisfactory. Relative standard deviation is about 12% when the concentration of Cd in seawater is approximately 0.04 ppb. A good agreement was obtained by a standard curve and a standard addition technique respectively from determining Cd in the same seawater. Actual measurement time per sample is about 10 min.
1984, (2): 226-237.
Abstract:
This paper discusses level changes of the sea in the last 6000 years and the recent crustal movements of the coasts of the South China Sea. There was one transgression in the middle Holocene (about 6000-3000 years ago); the sea level might not be higher than the actual one. Many terraces and coral reef platforms above the sea level can be explained by recent crustal movements.
As far as the intensity of the crustal movements are concerned, the NE faults are the strongest, the NW next, and the WE are the weakest. They intersect ia block-faulting, differing in seismic activity, crustal movement rate and amplitude. On the whole, they gradually become stronger from west to east in accordance with the increasing tendency of stress field.
The land is tilting toward the sea, especially in western Guangxi Province.
This paper discusses level changes of the sea in the last 6000 years and the recent crustal movements of the coasts of the South China Sea. There was one transgression in the middle Holocene (about 6000-3000 years ago); the sea level might not be higher than the actual one. Many terraces and coral reef platforms above the sea level can be explained by recent crustal movements.
As far as the intensity of the crustal movements are concerned, the NE faults are the strongest, the NW next, and the WE are the weakest. They intersect ia block-faulting, differing in seismic activity, crustal movement rate and amplitude. On the whole, they gradually become stronger from west to east in accordance with the increasing tendency of stress field.
The land is tilting toward the sea, especially in western Guangxi Province.
1984, (2): 238-245.
Abstract:
It has for many years been controversial whether there was a Pleistocene high sea level on the Shandong Peninsula. Our investigations in recent years suggest that the red sandy sediments distributed around the Yuanyaodun village, Weihai County, the "Liukuang Red Bed" and the loess-like deposits near Penglai County should be terrestrial deposits, and there is will not a convincing evidence to confirm that abrasion landforms found above the 10m elevation oa the coast are of marine origin. From these, it is still not safe to say that a high sea level had occurred in the Shandong Peninsula during the Pleistocene.
It has for many years been controversial whether there was a Pleistocene high sea level on the Shandong Peninsula. Our investigations in recent years suggest that the red sandy sediments distributed around the Yuanyaodun village, Weihai County, the "Liukuang Red Bed" and the loess-like deposits near Penglai County should be terrestrial deposits, and there is will not a convincing evidence to confirm that abrasion landforms found above the 10m elevation oa the coast are of marine origin. From these, it is still not safe to say that a high sea level had occurred in the Shandong Peninsula during the Pleistocene.
1984, (2): 246-253.
Abstract:
Many transgressions on the plains along the Eastern China Sea had occurred in the Quaternary. They are named Beijing, Bohai, Haixing, Huanghua, Qingxian, Baiyangdian, Haizhou Bay. Cangxi, Xianxian and Candong transgressions. Their beds of marine facies have been buried in the Hebei Province, or on the shelf of China. The greatest transgressions occurred in the Early Pleistocene, while the smallest in the Middle Pleistocene, and the transgressions in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene were larger than that in the Middle Pleistocene. In accordance with the 14C dating and the paleomagnetic stratigraphy, they may be compared with the transgressions in the Late pleistocene with the δ18O stages of the core V28-232 at Equatorial Pacific.
Many transgressions on the plains along the Eastern China Sea had occurred in the Quaternary. They are named Beijing, Bohai, Haixing, Huanghua, Qingxian, Baiyangdian, Haizhou Bay. Cangxi, Xianxian and Candong transgressions. Their beds of marine facies have been buried in the Hebei Province, or on the shelf of China. The greatest transgressions occurred in the Early Pleistocene, while the smallest in the Middle Pleistocene, and the transgressions in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene were larger than that in the Middle Pleistocene. In accordance with the 14C dating and the paleomagnetic stratigraphy, they may be compared with the transgressions in the Late pleistocene with the δ18O stages of the core V28-232 at Equatorial Pacific.
1984, (2): 254-262.
Abstract:
In order to study the fouling and boring organisms the wooden and plastic panels were exposed along the fixed pierside for monthly, quarterly and yearly intervals during the period of Sept. 1979 to Aug. 1980 at Langya Bay, Hainan Island (109°40'E, 18°15'N), South China Sea. A greater emphasis was laid on the following subjects:the species, the season of attachment and the relative abundance. A comparison was made of the ecological features of the fouling organisms of this bay with those of thirty bays or harbours along the coast of China.
In order to study the fouling and boring organisms the wooden and plastic panels were exposed along the fixed pierside for monthly, quarterly and yearly intervals during the period of Sept. 1979 to Aug. 1980 at Langya Bay, Hainan Island (109°40'E, 18°15'N), South China Sea. A greater emphasis was laid on the following subjects:the species, the season of attachment and the relative abundance. A comparison was made of the ecological features of the fouling organisms of this bay with those of thirty bays or harbours along the coast of China.
1984, (2): 263-275.
Abstract:
C. onyx, originally distributed in California, was found in great quantities in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong in 1982 and was identified according to the study of its morphology and the radula teeth. Lots of the individuals of the species lived in overlapping colony, with the female at the lower, and the male in the upper while the sex-transforming individual at the middle. They attached on the shells of Perna viridis in a high density of 715 ind./m2. Studies have been carried out on its population structure, individual size, age and sex composition and on reproductive biology, such as sex transformation, change of the length of penis and fecundity.
C. onyx, originally distributed in California, was found in great quantities in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong in 1982 and was identified according to the study of its morphology and the radula teeth. Lots of the individuals of the species lived in overlapping colony, with the female at the lower, and the male in the upper while the sex-transforming individual at the middle. They attached on the shells of Perna viridis in a high density of 715 ind./m2. Studies have been carried out on its population structure, individual size, age and sex composition and on reproductive biology, such as sex transformation, change of the length of penis and fecundity.
1984, (2): 276-284.
Abstract:
Transfer rule of 137Cs and 60Co in seawater and an arrificial food web which made up of Platy-monas, Arca, tenaeus and Tilapia were studied.
The results showed that the transfer of nuclide could be realized in a longer food chain in which seawater contained radioactivity, the transfer along food chain alone was slight, the pathway of nuclide uptaken by organism was mainly from seawater,but the pressnce of the food was helpful to the transfer of the nuclide, the transfer efficiency of 60Co by every member in the marine food chain was greater than that of 137Cs.
Transfer rule of 137Cs and 60Co in seawater and an arrificial food web which made up of Platy-monas, Arca, tenaeus and Tilapia were studied.
The results showed that the transfer of nuclide could be realized in a longer food chain in which seawater contained radioactivity, the transfer along food chain alone was slight, the pathway of nuclide uptaken by organism was mainly from seawater,but the pressnce of the food was helpful to the transfer of the nuclide, the transfer efficiency of 60Co by every member in the marine food chain was greater than that of 137Cs.
1984, (2): 285-289.
Abstract:
The transfer of 137Cs, 60Co along Platymonas sp., Brachionus plieatilis Müller and Tilapia mossambica Peters was studied by using the tracer methods of both 137Cs and 60Co with Ge (Li) Gamma ray detector and S-80 type multichannel-analyser for measuring the radioactivity of the sample. The experiment was carried out in four groups and the period of the experiment was fifteen days. It was found that 60Co could be transferred along seawater→Platymonas→Brackionus→Tilapia, and that 137Cs could only be transferred from seawater to Platymonas. 137Cs was not accumulated by Brachionus in any group of the experiment. Brachionus ingested 60Co mainly from Platymonas, when 60Co was ingested by Tilapia; Brachionus played an important role in the transfer and the Tilapia ingested 137Cs mainly from seawater.
The transfer of 137Cs, 60Co along Platymonas sp., Brachionus plieatilis Müller and Tilapia mossambica Peters was studied by using the tracer methods of both 137Cs and 60Co with Ge (Li) Gamma ray detector and S-80 type multichannel-analyser for measuring the radioactivity of the sample. The experiment was carried out in four groups and the period of the experiment was fifteen days. It was found that 60Co could be transferred along seawater→Platymonas→Brackionus→Tilapia, and that 137Cs could only be transferred from seawater to Platymonas. 137Cs was not accumulated by Brachionus in any group of the experiment. Brachionus ingested 60Co mainly from Platymonas, when 60Co was ingested by Tilapia; Brachionus played an important role in the transfer and the Tilapia ingested 137Cs mainly from seawater.
1984, (2): 290-299.
Abstract:
The present study aims; at (1) examining the effect of prolonged exposure to high pressure on physiological functions:(2) observing performance capacity and adaptive process of the organism, and (3) evaluating the validity of saturation decompression. The results obtained from 7 subjects show that they had good adaptive capacity and could undertake moderate work load. The uniform saturation decompression scheme used and no-decompression ait excursion depth-lime limit were proved to be safe. Up to now, only a few experiments of long-term exposure to 4.65 ATA nitrox atmosphere have been reported throughout the world, so the data accumulated have its reference valuc.
The present study aims; at (1) examining the effect of prolonged exposure to high pressure on physiological functions:(2) observing performance capacity and adaptive process of the organism, and (3) evaluating the validity of saturation decompression. The results obtained from 7 subjects show that they had good adaptive capacity and could undertake moderate work load. The uniform saturation decompression scheme used and no-decompression ait excursion depth-lime limit were proved to be safe. Up to now, only a few experiments of long-term exposure to 4.65 ATA nitrox atmosphere have been reported throughout the world, so the data accumulated have its reference valuc.
1984, (2): 300-300.
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1984, (2): 300-300.
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1984, (2): 301-301.
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1984, (2): 301-301.
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