1983 Vol. 2, No. 2
Display Method:
1983, (2): 167-177.
Abstract:
Marine investigations were carried out in the western Central Equatorial Pacific region from 1976 to 1979 by three Chinese research vessels "Xiangyanghong 05", "Xiangyanghong 09" and "Shijian" belonging to the National Bureau of Oceanography. The data of currents, surface wind, drift of the ship, temperature, salinity, and so on, were obtained during the investigations, which provides more reliable basis for further studies on the South Equatorial Countercurrent in the Pacific Ocean. In this paper certain properties and causes of variations of the South Equatorial Countercurrent in the Pacific Ocean are analysed according to the above-mentioned data.
Marine investigations were carried out in the western Central Equatorial Pacific region from 1976 to 1979 by three Chinese research vessels "Xiangyanghong 05", "Xiangyanghong 09" and "Shijian" belonging to the National Bureau of Oceanography. The data of currents, surface wind, drift of the ship, temperature, salinity, and so on, were obtained during the investigations, which provides more reliable basis for further studies on the South Equatorial Countercurrent in the Pacific Ocean. In this paper certain properties and causes of variations of the South Equatorial Countercurrent in the Pacific Ocean are analysed according to the above-mentioned data.
1983, (2): 178-189.
Abstract:
The effects of wind on wave propagation in shallow water are approached in this paper. The equations for calculating wave elements in shallow water are derived by the law of wave refraction and the equation of wave energy flux. The numerical results calculated by the electronic computer show that under the influence of wind, the wave elements, wave direction angle and the conditions of wave breaker change greatly. Consequently, the effects of wind on the water wave propagating in shallow water need to be considered in practice.
The effects of wind on wave propagation in shallow water are approached in this paper. The equations for calculating wave elements in shallow water are derived by the law of wave refraction and the equation of wave energy flux. The numerical results calculated by the electronic computer show that under the influence of wind, the wave elements, wave direction angle and the conditions of wave breaker change greatly. Consequently, the effects of wind on the water wave propagating in shallow water need to be considered in practice.
1983, (2): 190-204.
Abstract:
Up to now, available method of numerical forecasting and suitable wind field model for the Bohai Sea storm surge have been few. In this paper, through the analysis of the weather situation is presented a mathematical model for the wind fields involved mainly the deformation field of a high pressure matched with a low pressure, the temperate cyclone, the cold wave and the northword typhoon. Meanwhile, numerical computations combined with the nonlinear storm surge models are made by using "ADI" method. The computed results are generally coincident with the practical observations. It has showed a success in the simulated wind field and the feasibility of using "ADI" method to forecast the Bohai Sea storm surge.
Up to now, available method of numerical forecasting and suitable wind field model for the Bohai Sea storm surge have been few. In this paper, through the analysis of the weather situation is presented a mathematical model for the wind fields involved mainly the deformation field of a high pressure matched with a low pressure, the temperate cyclone, the cold wave and the northword typhoon. Meanwhile, numerical computations combined with the nonlinear storm surge models are made by using "ADI" method. The computed results are generally coincident with the practical observations. It has showed a success in the simulated wind field and the feasibility of using "ADI" method to forecast the Bohai Sea storm surge.
1983, (2): 205-212.
Abstract:
In this paper, the mid-range oscillation with 30-45 days of the tropical monsoon circulation during May-August 1979 was discussed. It is found that there are low and high pressure index patterns for the tropical monsoon circulation in Northern Hemisphere. In the period of low index and the transitional period from low to high index, the group genesis and development of monsoon depressions, tropical cyclones over Arabian Sea and the Bengal Bay, typhoons over the South China Sea and Western Pacific Ocean are always successively observed from west to east. In this period, the rainfall over middle-India and eastern part of China usually increases.
We can use the oscillation of the pressure value over equatorial area to describe the mid-range (30-45 days) oscillation of tropical monsoon circulation and its related circulation systems.
In this paper, the mid-range oscillation with 30-45 days of the tropical monsoon circulation during May-August 1979 was discussed. It is found that there are low and high pressure index patterns for the tropical monsoon circulation in Northern Hemisphere. In the period of low index and the transitional period from low to high index, the group genesis and development of monsoon depressions, tropical cyclones over Arabian Sea and the Bengal Bay, typhoons over the South China Sea and Western Pacific Ocean are always successively observed from west to east. In this period, the rainfall over middle-India and eastern part of China usually increases.
We can use the oscillation of the pressure value over equatorial area to describe the mid-range (30-45 days) oscillation of tropical monsoon circulation and its related circulation systems.
1983, (2): 213-224.
Abstract:
This paper analyses the sea surface temperature (SST) of the eastern Pacific Ocean, the Kuroshio in the East China Sea, the subtropical high pressure of the Pacific Ocean and the precipitation for rainy season of Qingdao. We obtain a result that if this year the eastern Pacific Equatorial Zone is a warm-water year, the Kuroshio path in the East China Sea for next year will be subject to oscillation westward. The SST of the eastern Pacific Ocean may predict precipitation for rainy season of Qingdao one year earlier than that of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea.
This paper analyses the sea surface temperature (SST) of the eastern Pacific Ocean, the Kuroshio in the East China Sea, the subtropical high pressure of the Pacific Ocean and the precipitation for rainy season of Qingdao. We obtain a result that if this year the eastern Pacific Equatorial Zone is a warm-water year, the Kuroshio path in the East China Sea for next year will be subject to oscillation westward. The SST of the eastern Pacific Ocean may predict precipitation for rainy season of Qingdao one year earlier than that of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea.
1983, (2): 225-234.
Abstract:
Some geochemical investigations of interstitial water in surface sediments were conducted at the Changjiang Estuary and the outer shelf of the East China Sea. It is found that the changes of alkalinity (≈ the concentration of HCO3-), and NH4+ diffusion fluxes have a correlation with the actions of benthic fauna. The fluxes measured by gradient method may have a direct linear correlation with the sedimentation rate of this area.
Some geochemical investigations of interstitial water in surface sediments were conducted at the Changjiang Estuary and the outer shelf of the East China Sea. It is found that the changes of alkalinity (≈ the concentration of HCO3-), and NH4+ diffusion fluxes have a correlation with the actions of benthic fauna. The fluxes measured by gradient method may have a direct linear correlation with the sedimentation rate of this area.
1983, (2): 235-248.
Abstract:
A new voltammetric technique has been described for the determination of trace Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn in seawater by semidifferential electrochemical stripping analysis, in which the semiderivative, e, of the stripping current, i, is measured as a function of electrode potential, at a rotating thin mercury film glassy carbon electrode formed in situ. The optimun conditions are reported. It is demonstrated that the technique has more merits than that of the ordinary linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry, greatly enhances the sensitivity and resolution and shortens the time of pre-electrolysis.
A new voltammetric technique has been described for the determination of trace Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn in seawater by semidifferential electrochemical stripping analysis, in which the semiderivative, e, of the stripping current, i, is measured as a function of electrode potential, at a rotating thin mercury film glassy carbon electrode formed in situ. The optimun conditions are reported. It is demonstrated that the technique has more merits than that of the ordinary linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry, greatly enhances the sensitivity and resolution and shortens the time of pre-electrolysis.
1983, (2): 249-260.
Abstract:
In this paper, the samples of sediments collected from five sampling-stations in the river-sea water mixing zone of the Zhujiang Estuary have been determined by the sequencial extraction procedure, anodic stripping voltammetry and atomic emission spectrometry etc. The contents of the heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in the various phases which are dissolvable, ion-exchangeable, combined with carbonates, easily-reducible, reducible, combined with organic matters and sulfides and residue in the sediments, have been obtained.
In this paper, the samples of sediments collected from five sampling-stations in the river-sea water mixing zone of the Zhujiang Estuary have been determined by the sequencial extraction procedure, anodic stripping voltammetry and atomic emission spectrometry etc. The contents of the heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in the various phases which are dissolvable, ion-exchangeable, combined with carbonates, easily-reducible, reducible, combined with organic matters and sulfides and residue in the sediments, have been obtained.
1983, (2): 261-270.
Abstract:
The concentrations of dissolved chromium in seawater of the Bohai Gulf vary from trace to 1.6 μg/l while those of particulate chromium from trace to 8.66 μg/l, indicating that the concentration of chromium in seawater of nearshore and estuary in the Bohai Gulf is higher than that of offshore, and reflecting the effects of estuarine and terrestrial pollutions. Observation data indicate that there is a positive correlation between particulate chromium and COD.
The result shows that organic matter in seawater has a strong ability to combine chromium. When particulate chromium meets with seawater in estuary, it gradually settles down to sea-bottom sediments. Ratio of particulate chromium to total chromium in the Bohai Gulf yields a higher value, exceeding 90% in estuarine area, i.e. particulate chromium is a predominant form in seawater of the Bohai Gulf.
The concentrations of dissolved chromium in seawater of the Bohai Gulf vary from trace to 1.6 μg/l while those of particulate chromium from trace to 8.66 μg/l, indicating that the concentration of chromium in seawater of nearshore and estuary in the Bohai Gulf is higher than that of offshore, and reflecting the effects of estuarine and terrestrial pollutions. Observation data indicate that there is a positive correlation between particulate chromium and COD.
The result shows that organic matter in seawater has a strong ability to combine chromium. When particulate chromium meets with seawater in estuary, it gradually settles down to sea-bottom sediments. Ratio of particulate chromium to total chromium in the Bohai Gulf yields a higher value, exceeding 90% in estuarine area, i.e. particulate chromium is a predominant form in seawater of the Bohai Gulf.
1983, (2): 271-283.
Abstract:
Q-model faetor analysis on twenty thousand grains of spores and Pollen andalgae from more than a hundred samples of ten eolumn sections in the East China Sea has been made.Based on the faetor loadings matrix and the faetor seoresmatrix obtained,the palynologieal assemblages from the sediments of the East China Sea sinee Late pleistoeene ean be divided into eight spores and pollen zones.Zonesl-3 are dated as the Latest Pleistoeene and zones 4-8 as Holoeene.This paper also deseribes the proeedure of Q-model faetor analysis in detail.
Q-model faetor analysis on twenty thousand grains of spores and Pollen andalgae from more than a hundred samples of ten eolumn sections in the East China Sea has been made.Based on the faetor loadings matrix and the faetor seoresmatrix obtained,the palynologieal assemblages from the sediments of the East China Sea sinee Late pleistoeene ean be divided into eight spores and pollen zones.Zonesl-3 are dated as the Latest Pleistoeene and zones 4-8 as Holoeene.This paper also deseribes the proeedure of Q-model faetor analysis in detail.
1983, (2): 284-298.
Abstract:
The main portion of the northern Jiangsu coastal zone is the silty plain coast. The dynamic equlibrium has been broken continuously since the Quaternary, especially in the Holocene and the historical periods. In 1855 the Huanghe River (Yellow River) changed its channel entering into sea through the Bohai Sea. We find that the beach strand was then silting up intensely in the north of Qinggang but the coast was caving in and the beach was expanding in the south of Qinggang. Multiple shoals and submarine ridges off the coast converged into Qionggang and formed a unique coastal landshaft. In this paper we describe the evolutionary process of the northern Jiangsu coastal zone and discuss the formative conditions for the northern Jiangsu shoal. Finally, a dynamic equilibrium model for the northern Jiangsu shoal is presented.
The main portion of the northern Jiangsu coastal zone is the silty plain coast. The dynamic equlibrium has been broken continuously since the Quaternary, especially in the Holocene and the historical periods. In 1855 the Huanghe River (Yellow River) changed its channel entering into sea through the Bohai Sea. We find that the beach strand was then silting up intensely in the north of Qinggang but the coast was caving in and the beach was expanding in the south of Qinggang. Multiple shoals and submarine ridges off the coast converged into Qionggang and formed a unique coastal landshaft. In this paper we describe the evolutionary process of the northern Jiangsu coastal zone and discuss the formative conditions for the northern Jiangsu shoal. Finally, a dynamic equilibrium model for the northern Jiangsu shoal is presented.
1983, (2): 299-307.
Abstract:
The present paper is based on the results of experiments on the adsorption of sulfide of bottom soil, which were carried out in 1979-1981, and gives special emphasis on the problem of the occurrence of the harm caused by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to the shrimps cultured in the high-production earthen pond. The scientific basis of prevention and control of the harm caused by hydrogen sulfide occurring in the pond and a simple effective measure for high, stable production of penaeid shrimp culture are proposed accordingly.
The present paper is based on the results of experiments on the adsorption of sulfide of bottom soil, which were carried out in 1979-1981, and gives special emphasis on the problem of the occurrence of the harm caused by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to the shrimps cultured in the high-production earthen pond. The scientific basis of prevention and control of the harm caused by hydrogen sulfide occurring in the pond and a simple effective measure for high, stable production of penaeid shrimp culture are proposed accordingly.
1983, (2): 308-319.
Abstract:
There exists obvious difference in recapture rate of tagged shrimp in various sea areas and years in autumn season, but the majority of them (98%) are recaptured in the releasing year. Although the main portion of each shrimp group in the Bohai Sea has separate distribution area, they intermingle in autumn season to search for food, thus forming a principal fishing ground located in the central Bohai Sea.
Those shrimps wintering in south-central portion of the Huanghai Sea are generally divided into two populations. One is called the Korean population, inhabiting along the western coast of Koera, which is less in abundance and smaller in shrimp size; and the other is called the Chinese population, inhibiting along the Bohai Sea coast and the Huanghai Sea coast of China, which is richer in abundance and larger in shrimp size. The spawning grounds of the latter extend throughout the Bohai Sea and off the Huanghai Sea coast of China, from the Yalujiang Estuary area in the north to the coastal waters of Haizhou Bay in the south, and its principal spawning grounds are located in numberous esturine waters along the Bohai Sea coast.
There exists obvious difference in recapture rate of tagged shrimp in various sea areas and years in autumn season, but the majority of them (98%) are recaptured in the releasing year. Although the main portion of each shrimp group in the Bohai Sea has separate distribution area, they intermingle in autumn season to search for food, thus forming a principal fishing ground located in the central Bohai Sea.
Those shrimps wintering in south-central portion of the Huanghai Sea are generally divided into two populations. One is called the Korean population, inhabiting along the western coast of Koera, which is less in abundance and smaller in shrimp size; and the other is called the Chinese population, inhibiting along the Bohai Sea coast and the Huanghai Sea coast of China, which is richer in abundance and larger in shrimp size. The spawning grounds of the latter extend throughout the Bohai Sea and off the Huanghai Sea coast of China, from the Yalujiang Estuary area in the north to the coastal waters of Haizhou Bay in the south, and its principal spawning grounds are located in numberous esturine waters along the Bohai Sea coast.
1983, (2): 320-329.
Abstract:
This paper expounds primarily on the physiological mechanism of the mature process and release of Ruditapes philippinarum's eggs. A natural dry condition, immersion in NH4OH seawater, and crude extracted shedding hormone, were the necessary physiological conditions and factors which make eggs reach physiological maturity, and make the female or male clam spaw and spermiate. At the same time, it has been shown that the physiological action of the NH4OH seawater may stimulate the respiration of the eggs, and that the comsumption oxygen raises 15.17μl. The shape of eggs turns from oval into round; and the ultrastructure of the nucleus and cytoplasm show strengthened metabolic activity. Besides, it has been substantiated that the shedding hormone exist in the gonad of female clams. The shedding hormone may be a heat labile protein. The result may be of theoretial importance and economic value to artifical reproduction of the molluscs.
This paper expounds primarily on the physiological mechanism of the mature process and release of Ruditapes philippinarum's eggs. A natural dry condition, immersion in NH4OH seawater, and crude extracted shedding hormone, were the necessary physiological conditions and factors which make eggs reach physiological maturity, and make the female or male clam spaw and spermiate. At the same time, it has been shown that the physiological action of the NH4OH seawater may stimulate the respiration of the eggs, and that the comsumption oxygen raises 15.17μl. The shape of eggs turns from oval into round; and the ultrastructure of the nucleus and cytoplasm show strengthened metabolic activity. Besides, it has been substantiated that the shedding hormone exist in the gonad of female clams. The shedding hormone may be a heat labile protein. The result may be of theoretial importance and economic value to artifical reproduction of the molluscs.
1983, (2): 330-339.
Abstract:
The paper preliminarily discusses the effects of cadmium pollution on the alkaline phosphatase of mussel, mytilue viridid. The results show the cadmium pollution has a inhibition on the alkaline phosphatase, and the degree of inhibition rises with the increases of concerntration if cadmium in seawater. When the concentration is within the range of 1-500 ppb, the percentage of inhibited emzyme has a linear relationship with the logarithm of cadmium concentration. The results also prove that the salinity may increase the effects of cadmium on emzyme. The inhibition which may be indirect or secondary effects is reversible.
Mussels play a purification role in the waste water containing cadmium, the purification rate of which may as high as 125 mg Cd2+ gram (mussel)/day. This is a prospective method in purification and removing of cadmium.
The study of effects of cadmium pollution on the alkaline phosphatase of mussel shows that in the study of effects of pollutants on aquatic organisms, biochemical index may reflect the potential harm of trace pollutants better than TLm experiments.
The paper preliminarily discusses the effects of cadmium pollution on the alkaline phosphatase of mussel, mytilue viridid. The results show the cadmium pollution has a inhibition on the alkaline phosphatase, and the degree of inhibition rises with the increases of concerntration if cadmium in seawater. When the concentration is within the range of 1-500 ppb, the percentage of inhibited emzyme has a linear relationship with the logarithm of cadmium concentration. The results also prove that the salinity may increase the effects of cadmium on emzyme. The inhibition which may be indirect or secondary effects is reversible.
Mussels play a purification role in the waste water containing cadmium, the purification rate of which may as high as 125 mg Cd2+ gram (mussel)/day. This is a prospective method in purification and removing of cadmium.
The study of effects of cadmium pollution on the alkaline phosphatase of mussel shows that in the study of effects of pollutants on aquatic organisms, biochemical index may reflect the potential harm of trace pollutants better than TLm experiments.
1983, (2): 340-348.
Abstract:
Field measurement of waves and wave pressure in a given harbour were carried out in the years 1973 and 1977 and then the statistical analysis was made. Based on this analysis and the linear wave theory some problems concerning the total pressure spectrum and the total pressure crest value and trough value are discussed, and the method of calculating these quantities is given.
Field measurement of waves and wave pressure in a given harbour were carried out in the years 1973 and 1977 and then the statistical analysis was made. Based on this analysis and the linear wave theory some problems concerning the total pressure spectrum and the total pressure crest value and trough value are discussed, and the method of calculating these quantities is given.
