1982 Vol. 1, No. 2
Display Method:
1982, (2): 155-162.
Abstract:
An empirical orthogonal function analysis has been applied to solving the forecast problem of the monthly mean sea surface temperature for the East China Sea and the adjacent waters.The data matrix of the original sea surface temperature fields can be separated into two components, i.e.the spatial and the temporal components.According to the properties of its spatial component that almost does not change with time and through the extrapolation of its temporal component, the prediction for large area sea surface temperature will be achieved.The time coefficients for temporal component are predicted by means of traverse and vertical time series method.
On the basis of forecasting for these two years, it has been proved that the method objectively reflected the internal relations and interactions of sea surface temperature among the stations of water area.The results of the suggested method are better than the predicted method for a collection of each individual stations.
An empirical orthogonal function analysis has been applied to solving the forecast problem of the monthly mean sea surface temperature for the East China Sea and the adjacent waters.The data matrix of the original sea surface temperature fields can be separated into two components, i.e.the spatial and the temporal components.According to the properties of its spatial component that almost does not change with time and through the extrapolation of its temporal component, the prediction for large area sea surface temperature will be achieved.The time coefficients for temporal component are predicted by means of traverse and vertical time series method.
On the basis of forecasting for these two years, it has been proved that the method objectively reflected the internal relations and interactions of sea surface temperature among the stations of water area.The results of the suggested method are better than the predicted method for a collection of each individual stations.
1982, (2): 163-174.
Abstract:
It has been observed experimentally that the signal waveforms in shallow water with thermocline have regular multipath structures and the waveforms of received signals are strongly dependent on the depths of the source and the receiver.When both the source and the receiver are located above the thermocline, each sigrtal received consists of a train of almost equispaced wave-packets.
It has been observed experimentally that the signal waveforms in shallow water with thermocline have regular multipath structures and the waveforms of received signals are strongly dependent on the depths of the source and the receiver.When both the source and the receiver are located above the thermocline, each sigrtal received consists of a train of almost equispaced wave-packets.
1982, (2): 175-188.
Abstract:
Based on the three-dimensional zeroth-order model of the ultra-shallow water storm surge theory proposed by Chin and Feng (1975), a numerical investigation of the Bohai Sea wind surges is made.As a preliminary numerical experiment the model wind fields are designed for computations.Computational results are compared with the principal characteristics of observations as well as with some conclusions of the classical theories on storm surges presented by P.Groen (1962) and others.
Based on the three-dimensional zeroth-order model of the ultra-shallow water storm surge theory proposed by Chin and Feng (1975), a numerical investigation of the Bohai Sea wind surges is made.As a preliminary numerical experiment the model wind fields are designed for computations.Computational results are compared with the principal characteristics of observations as well as with some conclusions of the classical theories on storm surges presented by P.Groen (1962) and others.
1982, (2): 189-194.
Abstract:
As oceans cover about 71% of the Earth's surface and have bigger thermal capacity than the air, they act as a storage and regulator of solar radiation, and therefore, play an important part in the formation of long-range weather process.Many meteorologists have been studying the interaction between the sea surface temperature (SST) and the atmospheric circulation[1-5].Some of them emphasize the active role of the oceans and consider that the variations of SST control the atmospheric circulation anomalies, but others often express different viewpoints.What relation really exists between the ocean and the atmosphere? To answer this question, one must pay more attention to the spatialand temporal variations in the relationship between circulation and SST.The purpose of the present paper is to get a better understanding of their variations.
As oceans cover about 71% of the Earth's surface and have bigger thermal capacity than the air, they act as a storage and regulator of solar radiation, and therefore, play an important part in the formation of long-range weather process.Many meteorologists have been studying the interaction between the sea surface temperature (SST) and the atmospheric circulation[1-5].Some of them emphasize the active role of the oceans and consider that the variations of SST control the atmospheric circulation anomalies, but others often express different viewpoints.What relation really exists between the ocean and the atmosphere? To answer this question, one must pay more attention to the spatialand temporal variations in the relationship between circulation and SST.The purpose of the present paper is to get a better understanding of their variations.
1982, (2): 195-203.
Abstract:
1982, (2): 204-209.
Abstract:
1982, (2): 210-213.
Abstract:
1982, (2): 214-220.
Abstract:
The specific gravity of 13 sea water samples at 25℃ from the estuary of the Changjiang River has been determined by the pycnometer method.The results are consistent with the values computed from chlorinity by Knudsen's tables within the experimental error of the method, and are lower on an average of about 0.02 in sigma -25 than values computed from salinity by the equation of Cox et al. (1970).The standard deviation of our measurements is estimated at ±0.01 in sigma -25.
The differences between the present results and the values computed from chlorinity by the equation of Cox et al. (1970) imply that, for water of the same chlorinity, the sea water at the estuary of the Changjiang River tends to have a lower concentration of dissolved substances than that of the ocean water.
Our work shows that the Knudsen's tables may apply to the sea water at the estuary of the Changjiang River and also provides an experimental evidence that the new oceanographic tables can be applied to the studies on the sea water of China Sea area.
The specific gravity of 13 sea water samples at 25℃ from the estuary of the Changjiang River has been determined by the pycnometer method.The results are consistent with the values computed from chlorinity by Knudsen's tables within the experimental error of the method, and are lower on an average of about 0.02 in sigma -25 than values computed from salinity by the equation of Cox et al. (1970).The standard deviation of our measurements is estimated at ±0.01 in sigma -25.
The differences between the present results and the values computed from chlorinity by the equation of Cox et al. (1970) imply that, for water of the same chlorinity, the sea water at the estuary of the Changjiang River tends to have a lower concentration of dissolved substances than that of the ocean water.
Our work shows that the Knudsen's tables may apply to the sea water at the estuary of the Changjiang River and also provides an experimental evidence that the new oceanographic tables can be applied to the studies on the sea water of China Sea area.
1982, (2): 221-224.
Abstract:
The application of inverse polarography with anti-adsorption physically coated mercury film electrode to analysis of fishes and benthos is described.The Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu concentrations of determined marine organisms are 3-212 μg/g, 0.3-7.2 μg/g, 0.1-7.5μg/g, and 0.06-8.8 μg/g respectively.
The application of inverse polarography with anti-adsorption physically coated mercury film electrode to analysis of fishes and benthos is described.The Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu concentrations of determined marine organisms are 3-212 μg/g, 0.3-7.2 μg/g, 0.1-7.5μg/g, and 0.06-8.8 μg/g respectively.
1982, (2): 225-233.
Abstract:
A number of data on the organic adsorbent applied to extract from sea water have reported[1-3], In this paper, we introduce a new organic adsorbent which has high extracting uranium capacity.The syntheses and the experimental uranium adsorption as well as its mechanism arediscribed.
A number of data on the organic adsorbent applied to extract from sea water have reported[1-3], In this paper, we introduce a new organic adsorbent which has high extracting uranium capacity.The syntheses and the experimental uranium adsorption as well as its mechanism arediscribed.
1982, (2): 234-247.
Abstract:
The littoral plain in the eastern China and its neighbouring shallow-sea continental shelf area is the zone where the coastlines moved back and forth during the Quaternary Period.In order to get detailed information about the changes of its limits and its repeating processes, it is necessary to compare with sea level change models of the worldwide typical areas according to the paleo-littoral-line sediments and the residual geomorphological topography, as well as on the basis of sedimental sequence and chronology.Through study we have got information on glacial sea level changes and the effect of sea level changes on the eastern China.
The littoral plain in the eastern China and its neighbouring shallow-sea continental shelf area is the zone where the coastlines moved back and forth during the Quaternary Period.In order to get detailed information about the changes of its limits and its repeating processes, it is necessary to compare with sea level change models of the worldwide typical areas according to the paleo-littoral-line sediments and the residual geomorphological topography, as well as on the basis of sedimental sequence and chronology.Through study we have got information on glacial sea level changes and the effect of sea level changes on the eastern China.
1982, (2): 248-258.
Abstract:
Along the coast of the eastern China and on the adjacent shelf, geomorphological, sedimentological and biological evidences, related to ancient strandline, were found, and dated by radiocarbon method.In this paper, the curve and model of sea level changes during the past 20, 000 years are established.
Along the coast of the eastern China and on the adjacent shelf, geomorphological, sedimentological and biological evidences, related to ancient strandline, were found, and dated by radiocarbon method.In this paper, the curve and model of sea level changes during the past 20, 000 years are established.
1982, (2): 259-266.
Abstract:
1982, (2): 267-274.
Abstract:
1982, (2): 275-281.
Abstract:
The paper describes the phototactic types of fishes in the photogradient.The phototactic behaviour depends not only on the strength of illumination, but also on the wavelength of various light.Influence of moonlight was also investigated.It is found that the degree of inhibition depends on the relative intensity between background light and stimulating light and on the phototactic character of fishes.Finally, a theoretical analysis for phototactic behaviour of fishes is suggested.
Basic research on the phototactic behaviour of fishes is not only significant for understanding the influence of light on fish behaviour, but also has implication for production.
The paper describes the phototactic types of fishes in the photogradient.The phototactic behaviour depends not only on the strength of illumination, but also on the wavelength of various light.Influence of moonlight was also investigated.It is found that the degree of inhibition depends on the relative intensity between background light and stimulating light and on the phototactic character of fishes.Finally, a theoretical analysis for phototactic behaviour of fishes is suggested.
Basic research on the phototactic behaviour of fishes is not only significant for understanding the influence of light on fish behaviour, but also has implication for production.
1982, (2): 282-288.
Abstract:
Chaetoceros muelleri is a favorable food for the larvae of shellfishes and other marine animals.
At a temperature of 25-30.5℃, light intensity 1, 000-1, 100 lux, and pH 7.98-8.48, experiments were carried out to find the optimum salinity, phosphate, and nitrate concentration for the growth of this small diatom.
The following are the results of the present investigation:
(1) The optimum salinity is 25.9‰ (17-32.21‰).
(2) The suitable phosphate concentration is PO4-P 19.9-139.3 μg-at/1, and the optimum concentration is 99.5 μg-at/1.
(3) The suitable nitrate concentration is NO3-N 1, 976-7, 904 μg-at/1, and the optimum concentration is 5, 928 μg-at/1.
Chaetoceros muelleri is a favorable food for the larvae of shellfishes and other marine animals.
At a temperature of 25-30.5℃, light intensity 1, 000-1, 100 lux, and pH 7.98-8.48, experiments were carried out to find the optimum salinity, phosphate, and nitrate concentration for the growth of this small diatom.
The following are the results of the present investigation:
(1) The optimum salinity is 25.9‰ (17-32.21‰).
(2) The suitable phosphate concentration is PO4-P 19.9-139.3 μg-at/1, and the optimum concentration is 99.5 μg-at/1.
(3) The suitable nitrate concentration is NO3-N 1, 976-7, 904 μg-at/1, and the optimum concentration is 5, 928 μg-at/1.
1982, (2): 289-298.
Abstract:
The present paper studies the seasonal change, quantitative variation and distributional patterns of planktonic Ostracoda along the western coast of the Taiwan Straits and their relationship with various environmental factors, especially those of the movement, intensification and decay and interaction of different water systems.
Except for some study of Ostracqda in the Straits[1-4], ours is based on the samples of planktonic Ostracoda and field hydrological and chemical data collected during the two comprehensive investigations (Oct.1961-Sept.1962 (no data for July, 1962) 23°16'-24°15' N, 117°16'-118°13'E and March, 1963-Feb.1964, 24°34'-25°43' N, 118°46'-119°52' E).
The total amounts of planktonic Ostracoda along the western coast of Taiwan Straits show evident seasonal variations with greater amounts in summer and autumn.The yearly maximum appeared in October and subpeaks in May and August.The quantity of the animal was lowest from January to April.
The present paper studies the seasonal change, quantitative variation and distributional patterns of planktonic Ostracoda along the western coast of the Taiwan Straits and their relationship with various environmental factors, especially those of the movement, intensification and decay and interaction of different water systems.
Except for some study of Ostracqda in the Straits[1-4], ours is based on the samples of planktonic Ostracoda and field hydrological and chemical data collected during the two comprehensive investigations (Oct.1961-Sept.1962 (no data for July, 1962) 23°16'-24°15' N, 117°16'-118°13'E and March, 1963-Feb.1964, 24°34'-25°43' N, 118°46'-119°52' E).
The total amounts of planktonic Ostracoda along the western coast of Taiwan Straits show evident seasonal variations with greater amounts in summer and autumn.The yearly maximum appeared in October and subpeaks in May and August.The quantity of the animal was lowest from January to April.
1982, (2): 299-308.
Abstract:
With respect to the wave forces on rectangular pillar, no theoretical solution has yet been obtained.In this paper, we found out a theoretical solution and made comparison with some experimental data to prove its coincidence.
With respect to the wave forces on rectangular pillar, no theoretical solution has yet been obtained.In this paper, we found out a theoretical solution and made comparison with some experimental data to prove its coincidence.
1982, (2): 309-309.
Abstract:
The ERG-determined scotopic spectral sensitivity (Sλ) curve of the intact anesthetized cuttlefish Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune attains its major peak at 490 nm with no secondary peak.In adaptation to white or colour light of different intensities, both peak and shape of Sλ curve have no change.It is suggested that only one receptor system is present in the retina of cuttlefish, as a result, its colour-discrimination ability appears to be lacking.
The ERG-determined scotopic spectral sensitivity (Sλ) curve of the intact anesthetized cuttlefish Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune attains its major peak at 490 nm with no secondary peak.In adaptation to white or colour light of different intensities, both peak and shape of Sλ curve have no change.It is suggested that only one receptor system is present in the retina of cuttlefish, as a result, its colour-discrimination ability appears to be lacking.
