Spatiotemporal variations in the organic carbon accumulation rate in mangrove sediments from the Yingluo Bay, China, since 1900
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Abstract: Mangroves can not only provide multiple ecosystem service functions, but are also efficient carbon producers, capturers, and sinks. The estimation of the organic carbon accumulation rate (OCAR) in mangrove sediments is fundamental for elucidating the role of mangroves in the global carbon budget. In particular, understanding the past changes in the OCAR in mangrove sediments is vital for predicting the future role of mangroves in the rapidly changing environment. In this study, three dated sediment cores from interior and fringe of mangroves in the Yingluo Bay, China, were used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal variations of the calculated OCAR since 1900 in this area. The increasing OCAR in the mangrove interior was attributed to mangrove flourishment induced by climate change characterized by the rising temperature. However, in the mangrove fringe, the strengthening hydrodynamic conditions under the sea level rise were responsible for the decreasing OCAR, particularly after the 1940s. Furthermore, the duration of inundation by seawater was the primary factors controlling the spatial variability of the OCAR from the mangrove fringe to interior, while the strengthened hydrodynamic conditions after the 1940s broke this original pattern.
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Figure 1. Locations of sediment cores of YLB01, YLB02, and YLB03 in the Yingluo Bay (a), northern Beibu Gulf (b), China (c).
Figure 2. Vertical profiles of 210Pb activity, dry bulk density (DBD), and mass accumulation rate (MAR) vs. depth, and ln(210Pbex) and ages vs. mass depth in sediment cores of YLB01 (a–e), YLB02 (f–j), and YLB03 (k–o).
Figure 3. Variations in the grain size fraction, mean grain size (Mz), total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen contents (TN), atomic C/N ratio, and stable organic carbon isotopes (δ13Corg) in sediment cores of YLB01 (a–f), YLB02 (g–l), and YLB03 (m–r) since 1900.
Figure 4. Variations in the organic carbon accumulation rate (OCAR) in sediment cores of YLB01 (a), YLB02 (b), and YLB03 (c) since 1900.
Figure 5. Scatter diagram of δ13Corg vs. C/N for identifying the organic carbon sources in the three sediment cores. The endmember values are from Xue et al. (2009), Xia et al. (2015), and Meng et al. (2016).
Figure 6. Variations in the contributions of mangrove-derived organic carbon (CMOC) and terrestrial organic carbon (CTOC) in sediment cores of YLB01 (a), YLB02 (b), and YLB03 (c) since 1900.
Figure 7. Variations and comparison of the organic carbon accumulation rate (OCAR) and contribution of mangrove derived organic carbon (CMOC) in the sediment cores (a–c), mangrove pollen content (Xia et al., 2015) (d), annual average air temperature and average rainfall of Guangxi (e and g) and average air temperature of Beihai City (f) (Huang et al., 2007), coefficient of grain size variation (100CV) of mangrove fringe (YLB02) (h), and sea level changes in the study region (i) (Frederikse, et al., 2020) since 1900. The blue shaded area represents the range of sea-level change. The solid lines in e, f, and g represent the 5 a moving averages of the original data sets. The grey dashed lines are linear regression of the corresponding data sets.
Figure 8. Bivariate plots of the organic carbon accumulation rate (OCAR) vs. the contribution of mangrove-derived organic carbon (CMOC) and coefficient of grain size variation (100CV) in sediment cores of YLB01 (a and d), YLB02 (b and e), and YLB03 (c and f). The dashed lines and shaded areas represent the 95% confidence intervals.
Figure 9. Conceptual graph of spatiotemporal variations in the organic carbon accumulation rate (OCAR) in mangrove sediments from the Yingluo Bay, tropical China, since 1900.
Table 1. Basic information of mangrove sediment cores in the Yingluo Bay, tropical China
Site Latitude Longitude Length
/cmPosition in
mangroveGeomorphic setting Mangrove species YLB01 21°29′49″N 109°45′36″E 66 interior upper tidal flat near the tidal creek Rhizophora stylosa,
Kandelia candelYLB02 21°29′39″N 109°45′48″E 88 fringe middle tidal flat near the trunk of the tidal creek Kandelia candel,
Aegiceras corniculatumYLB03 21°29′53″N 109°45′38″E 50 interior upper tidal flat near the land Bruguiera gymnorrhiza,
Rhizophora stylosa
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