Xueqing Yu, Jianan Liu, Zhuoyi Zhu, Xiaogang Chen, Tong Peng, Jinzhou Du. The significant role of submarine groundwater discharge in an Arctic fjord nutrient budget[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica. doi: 10.1007/s13131-023-2282-7
Citation:
Xueqing Yu, Jianan Liu, Zhuoyi Zhu, Xiaogang Chen, Tong Peng, Jinzhou Du. The significant role of submarine groundwater discharge in an Arctic fjord nutrient budget[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica. doi: 10.1007/s13131-023-2282-7
Xueqing Yu, Jianan Liu, Zhuoyi Zhu, Xiaogang Chen, Tong Peng, Jinzhou Du. The significant role of submarine groundwater discharge in an Arctic fjord nutrient budget[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica. doi: 10.1007/s13131-023-2282-7
Citation:
Xueqing Yu, Jianan Liu, Zhuoyi Zhu, Xiaogang Chen, Tong Peng, Jinzhou Du. The significant role of submarine groundwater discharge in an Arctic fjord nutrient budget[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica. doi: 10.1007/s13131-023-2282-7
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
3.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Polar Life and Environment Sciences, School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
4.
MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
5.
Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
Funds:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41976040, 41676188, 42106043 and 42006152; Innovation Base for estuarine and coastal water security 2.0 from the Ministry of Science and Technology of P.R. China under contract No BP0820020.
Under global climate change, water flow and related nutrient biogeochemistry in the Arctic are changing at an unprecedented rate, and potentially affect nutrient cycling in the Arctic Ocean. However, nutrient fluxes via submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) are potentially important yet poorly understood in the Arctic. Here we quantified that nutrient fluxes through radium-derived SGD were three orders of magnitude higher than those from the local river and constituted 25-96% of the total nutrient inputs into the Kongsfjorden. These large groundwater nutrient fluxes with high N/P ratio (average 99) may change the biomass and community structure of phytoplankton. Meanwhile, combining other SGD study cases around the Arctic region, SGD rates tend to increase over the past three decades, possibly on account of the effects of global warming. The SGD-derived nutrient may cause the increase of net primary productivity in the Arctic Ocean. The results will provide important basic data for land-ocean interactions in the typical fjord of the Arctic under the influence of global warming.
Figure 1. Locations of the Kongsfjorden and sampling station during 2017. Blue circles, orange diamonds and red triangle represent surface water, river water and groundwater, respectively. Blue arrows indicate ocean currents of Atlantic Water (AW) and Arctic Coastal Water (ACW) (Zhu, 2022).
Figure 2. Vertical distributions of salinity, temperature (℃), and density (kg/m) at K2, K3, K5 in Kongsfjorden
Figure 3. The distributions of (a) 226Ra and (b) 228Ra activities (Bq/m3) in the different sources of Kongsfjorden.
Figure 4. The distributions of DIN, DIP and DSi concentrations (μmol/L) in the different water sources of the Kongsfjorden.
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